POWERSHELL 常見問題 (繁體中文)

translated-china-traditional-v2

概念： PowerShell中最常見的問題。

您可以用不同的方式使用此列表：

複製/貼上指令到腳本
快速查看特定指令的語法
改善你的專業知識
發現新的指令
為工作準備面試

更新	2015年10月7日
筆者	powershell-guru.com
資料來源	chinese-traditional.powershell-guru.com
分類	75
問題	610

ACL
Active Directory
Alias
Arrays
Browsers
Certificates
Characters
CIM
Comments
COM Objects
Compare
Computer
Credentials
CSV
Culture
Date
Drives
Environment
Errors
Event Viewer
Files
Folders
Format Operator (-f)
Functions
GPO
GUI
Hardware

Hashtables
Help
History
Jobs
Keyboard
Loops
Math
Memory
Messages
Modules
Microsoft Excel
Microsoft Exchange
Microsoft Outlook
Microsoft SharePoint
Networking
Openfiles
Operators
Parameters
Password
Powershell ISE
Powershell v5
Printers
Processes
PSObject
Quest
Random
RDP

Regedit
Regex
Remote
Restore
Scheduled Tasks
Search
SCCM
Services
SMTP
Snapins
Sounds
Static .NET Methods
Strings
System
Try/Catch
Variables
Symantec Vault
Windows 2012
Windows Azure
Windows Forms
WMI
XML

System

如何測定我的PowerShell版本？

# via Powershell
$PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Major

# via Registry
(Get-ItemProperty -Path 'HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\PowerShell\1\PowerShellEngine').PowerShellVersion # Versions 1 and 2
(Get-ItemProperty -Path 'HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\PowerShell\3\PowerShellEngine').PowerShellVersion # Versions 3 and 4

# via Remote
Invoke-Command -ComputerName $computer -ScriptBlock { $PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Major }

# via Powershell

$PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Major

# via Registry

(Get-ItemProperty -Path 'HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\PowerShell\1\PowerShellEngine').PowerShellVersion # Versions 1 and 2

(Get-ItemProperty -Path 'HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\PowerShell\3\PowerShellEngine').PowerShellVersion # Versions 3 and 4

# via Remote

Invoke-Command -ComputerName $computer -ScriptBlock { $PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Major }

如何在另一個版本向後兼容執行PowerShell？
powershell.exe -Version 2.0

如何使用PowerShell，在脚本中要求最小的PowerShell版本（3.0或更高）？
#Requires -Version 3.0

如何使用PowerShell設定腳本的管理權限？

# Solution 1
#Requires -RunAsAdministrator

# Solution 2
[bool]((whoami.exe /all) -match 'S-1-16-12288')

# Solution 1

#Requires -RunAsAdministrator

# Solution 2

[bool]((whoami.exe /all) -match 'S-1-16-12288')

如何使用PowerShell檢查腳本的參數？
help -Name .\Get-ExchangeEnvironmentReport.ps1 -Full

如何使用PowerShell取得現時用戶的資料？
[Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()

如何使用PowerShell建立、編輯和重新載入個人資料？

# Check if a profile exists
Test-Path -Path $PROFILE                           # Current User,Current Host  
Test-Path -Path $PROFILE.CurrentUserCurrentHost    # Current User,Current Host  
Test-Path -Path $PROFILE.CurrentUserAllHosts       # Current User,All Hosts     
Test-Path -Path $PROFILE.AllUsersCurrentHost       # All Users, Current Host    
Test-Path -Path $PROFILE.AllUsersAllHosts          # All Users, All Hosts       
 
# Create a new profile for current user
New-Item -ItemType File -Force $PROFILE # CurrentUserCurrentHost
New-Item -ItemType File -Force $PROFILE.CurrentUserCurrentHost
New-Item -ItemType File -Force $PROFILE.CurrentUserAllHosts
 
# Edit
psEdit $PROFILE (only for ISE)
ise $PROFILE (only for ISE)
notepad.exe $PROFILE
 
# Reload (without restarting Powershell)
& $PROFILE
.$PROFILE
 
# List profiles
$PROFILE | Format-List * -Force

# Check if a profile exists

Test-Path -Path $PROFILE # Current User,Current Host

Test-Path -Path $PROFILE.CurrentUserCurrentHost # Current User,Current Host

Test-Path -Path $PROFILE.CurrentUserAllHosts # Current User,All Hosts

Test-Path -Path $PROFILE.AllUsersCurrentHost # All Users, Current Host

Test-Path -Path $PROFILE.AllUsersAllHosts # All Users, All Hosts

# Create a new profile for current user

New-Item -ItemType File -Force $PROFILE # CurrentUserCurrentHost

New-Item -ItemType File -Force $PROFILE.CurrentUserCurrentHost

New-Item -ItemType File -Force $PROFILE.CurrentUserAllHosts

# Edit

psEdit $PROFILE (only for ISE)

ise $PROFILE (only for ISE)

notepad.exe $PROFILE

# Reload (without restarting Powershell)

& $PROFILE

.$PROFILE

# List profiles

$PROFILE | Format-List * -Force

如何使用PowerShell,在腳本處理5秒鐘/分鐘的停頓?
Start-Sleep -Seconds 5
Start-Sleep -Seconds 300 # 5 minutes

如何使用PowerShell取得最後的開機時間？
(Get-CimInstance -ClassName win32_operatingsystem).LastBootUpTime

如何使用PowerShell取得加速器的類型？

[PSObject].Assembly.GetType('System.Management.Automation.TypeAccelerators')::Get.GetEnumerator() |  Select-Object -Property @{Name='Key'; Expression={$_.Key}},@{name='Value'; Expression={$_.Value}} | Sort-Object -Property Key | Format-Table -AutoSize

1	[PSObject].Assembly.GetType('System.Management.Automation.TypeAccelerators')::Get.GetEnumerator() \| Select-Object -Property @{Name='Key'; Expression={$_.Key}},@{name='Value'; Expression={$_.Value}} \| Sort-Object -Property Key \| Format-Table -AutoSize

如何使用PowerShell列出啟動程序？

Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_StartupCommand | Sort-Object -Property Caption | Format-Table -Property Caption, Command, User -AutoSize

1	Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_StartupCommand \| Sort-Object -Property Caption \| Format-Table -Property Caption, Command, User -AutoSize

如何使用PowerShell卸載應用程序？

$application = Get-WmiObject -Query "SELECT * FROM Win32_Product WHERE Name LIKE 'HP Recovery Manager'"
$application.Uninstall()

1 2	$application = Get-WmiObject -Query "SELECT * FROM Win32_Product WHERE Name LIKE 'HP Recovery Manager'" $application.Uninstall()

如何使用PowerShell螢幕截圖整個桌面或當前窗口？
Take-ScreenShot -Screen -File 'C:\scripts\screenshot.png' -Imagetype JPEG
Repository : Take-ScreenShot

如何使用PowerShell取得MSMQ的信息數量？

Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_PerfRawData_MSMQ_MSMQQueue -ComputerName $computer | Format-Table -Property Name, MessagesInQueue -AutoSize

1	Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_PerfRawData_MSMQ_MSMQQueue -ComputerName $computer \| Format-Table -Property Name, MessagesInQueue -AutoSize

如何使用PowerShell設置執行方案？

# Restricted - No scripts can be run. Windows PowerShell can be used only in interactive mode.
Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy Restricted

# AllSigned - Only scripts signed by a trusted publisher can be run.
Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy AllSigned

# RemoteSigned - Downloaded scripts must be signed by a trusted publisher before they can be run.
Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned

# Unrestricted - No restrictions - All Windows PowerShell scripts can be run.
Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy Unrestricted

# Restricted - No scripts can be run. Windows PowerShell can be used only in interactive mode.

Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy Restricted

# AllSigned - Only scripts signed by a trusted publisher can be run.

Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy AllSigned

# RemoteSigned - Downloaded scripts must be signed by a trusted publisher before they can be run.

Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned

# Unrestricted - No restrictions - All Windows PowerShell scripts can be run.

Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy Unrestricted

如何使用PowerShell建立快捷鍵？

$shell = New-Object -ComObject WScript.Shell
$shortcut = $shell.Createshortcut("$HOME\Desktop\Procexp.lnk")
$shortcut.TargetPath = 'C:\SysinternalsSuite\procexp.exe'
$shortcut.Save()

$shell = New-Object -ComObject WScript.Shell

$shortcut = $shell.Createshortcut("$HOME\Desktop\Procexp.lnk")

$shortcut.TargetPath = 'C:\SysinternalsSuite\procexp.exe'

$shortcut.Save()

如何使用PowerShell將程式鎖定或取消鎖定至任務欄？

$shell = New-Object -ComObject shell.application
$program = $shell.Namespace($env:windir).Parsename('notepad.exe')
$program.Invokeverb('TaskbarPin')
$program.Invokeverb('TaskbarUnpin')

$shell = New-Object -ComObject shell.application

$program = $shell.Namespace($env:windir).Parsename('notepad.exe')

$program.Invokeverb('TaskbarPin')

$program.Invokeverb('TaskbarUnpin')

如何使用PowerShell打開檔案總管？
[Diagnostics.Process]::Start('explorer.exe')
Invoke-Item -Path C:\Windows\explorer.exe

如何使用PowerShell列出設備驅動程序？
Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_PnPSignedDriver
Get-WindowsDriver -Online -All
driverquery.exe

如何使用PowerShell建立GUID？

# Empty GUID
[GUID]::Empty
00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
 
# New GUID (lower case by default)
[GUID]::NewGuid()
7049b4a9-e4bc-4008-a683-067934bd39cf

# New GUID (upper case)
$guid = ([GUID]::NewGuid()).ToString().ToUpper()
DD7F5A7B-F46B-49D0-B8A1-D8D1360D2E27
 
# New GUID with a specific value
[GUID]('bc4ad3d3-d704-4bd0-843f-d607fbbc4cd7')
bc4ad3d3-d704-4bd0-843f-d607fbbc4cd7

# New GUID (Powershell v5)
New-Guid
cdcaa4d9-c85f-40d7-afd9-32f003afa130

# Empty GUID

[GUID]::Empty

00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000

# New GUID (lower case by default)

[GUID]::NewGuid()

7049b4a9-e4bc-4008-a683-067934bd39cf

# New GUID (upper case)

$guid = ([GUID]::NewGuid()).ToString().ToUpper()

DD7F5A7B-F46B-49D0-B8A1-D8D1360D2E27

# New GUID with a specific value

[GUID]('bc4ad3d3-d704-4bd0-843f-d607fbbc4cd7')

bc4ad3d3-d704-4bd0-843f-d607fbbc4cd7

# New GUID (Powershell v5)

New-Guid

cdcaa4d9-c85f-40d7-afd9-32f003afa130

如何使用PowerShell取得當前用戶的臨時目錄位置？
[System.IO.Path]::GetTempPath()

如何使用PowerShell將路徑和子路徑連成為一個單一的路徑？
Join-Path -Path C:\ -ChildPath \windows

如何使用PowerShell列出所有cmdlet的“Get- *”？
Get-Command -Verb Get

如何使用PowerShell列出系統的特殊文件夾？

[System.Enum]::GetNames([System.Environment+SpecialFolder]) | ForEach-Object -Process { $_ + " [System.Environment]::GetFolderPath($_)" }

1	[System.Enum]::GetNames([System.Environment+SpecialFolder]) \| ForEach-Object -Process { $_ + " [System.Environment]::GetFolderPath($_)" }

如何使用PowerShell安裝ISO/VHD文件？
Mount-DiskImage 'D:\ISO\file.iso' # ISO
Mount-DiskImage 'D:\VHD\file.vhd' # VHD

如何使用PowerShell檢查已安裝的.NET Framework版本？

Get-ChildItem -Path 'HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\NET Framework Setup\NDP' -Recurse | Get-ItemProperty -Name Version -EA 0 | Where-Object -FilterScript { $_.PSChildName -match '^(?!S)\p{L}' } | Select-Object -Property PSChildName, Version

1	Get-ChildItem -Path 'HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\NET Framework Setup\NDP' -Recurse \| Get-ItemProperty -Name Version -EA 0 \| Where-Object -FilterScript { $_.PSChildName -match '^(?!S)\p{L}' } \| Select-Object -Property PSChildName, Version

如何使用PowerShell檢查 .NET Framework 4.5版本中是否已安裝？
(Get-ItemProperty -Path 'HKLM:\Software\Microsoft\NET Framework Setup\NDP\v4\Full' -EA 0).Version -like '4.5*'

如何使用PowerShell啟動和停止轉錄（建立Windows PowerShell會話的記錄）？
Start-Transcript -Path 'C:\scripts\transcript.txt
Stop-Transcript

如何使用PowerShell更改當前目錄至一個特定的位置？
Set-Location -Path 'C:\scripts'

如何使用PowerShell清除屏幕？
Clear-Host
cls # Alias

如何使用PowerShell改變螢幕的解析度？
Set-DisplayResolution -Width 1280 -Height 1024 -Force # Windows 2012

如何使用PowerShell設置“全屏顯示”窗口？
mode.com 300

如何使用PowerShell取得圖片的尺寸（寬度和高度）？

$picture = New-Object -ComObject Wia.ImageFile
$picture.LoadFile('C:\screenshot.jpg')

[PSCustomObject] @{
    Width  = $picture.Width
    Height = $picture.Height
}

$picture = New-Object -ComObject Wia.ImageFile

$picture.LoadFile('C:\screenshot.jpg')

[PSCustomObject] @{

Width = $picture.Width

Height = $picture.Height

}

如何使用PowerShell取得Windows的產品安裝序號？

function Get-WindowsKey 
{
    ## function to retrieve the Windows Product Key from any PC
    ## by Jakob Bindslet (jakob@bindslet.dk)
    param ($targets = '.')
    $hklm = 2147483650
    $regPath = 'Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion'
    $regValue = 'DigitalProductId'
    Foreach ($target in $targets) 
    {
        $productKey = $null
        $win32os = $null
        $wmi = [WMIClass]"\\$target\root\default:stdRegProv"
        $data = $wmi.GetBinaryValue($hklm,$regPath,$regValue)
        $binArray = ($data.uValue)[52..66]
        $charsArray = 'B', 'C', 'D', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'J', 'K', 'M', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'T', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', '2', '3', '4', '6', '7', '8', '9'
        ## decrypt base24 encoded binary data
        For ($i = 24; $i -ge 0; $i--) 
        {
            $k = 0
            For ($j = 14; $j -ge 0; $j--) 
            {
                $k = $k * 256 -bxor $binArray[$j]
                $binArray[$j] = [math]::truncate($k / 24)
                $k = $k % 24
            }
            $productKey = $charsArray[$k] + $productKey
            If (($i % 5 -eq 0) -and ($i -ne 0)) 
            {
                $productKey = '-' + $productKey
            }
        }
        $win32os = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_OperatingSystem -ComputerName $target
        $obj = New-Object -TypeName Object
        $obj | Add-Member -MemberType Noteproperty -Name Computer -Value $target
        $obj | Add-Member -MemberType Noteproperty -Name Caption -Value $win32os.Caption
        $obj | Add-Member -MemberType Noteproperty -Name CSDVersion -Value $win32os.CSDVersion
        $obj | Add-Member -MemberType Noteproperty -Name OSArch -Value $win32os.OSArchitecture
        $obj | Add-Member -MemberType Noteproperty -Name BuildNumber -Value $win32os.BuildNumber
        $obj | Add-Member -MemberType Noteproperty -Name RegisteredTo -Value $win32os.RegisteredUser
        $obj | Add-Member -MemberType Noteproperty -Name ProductID -Value $win32os.SerialNumber
        $obj | Add-Member -MemberType Noteproperty -Name ProductKey -Value $productKey
        $obj
    }
}

function Get-WindowsKey

{

## function to retrieve the Windows Product Key from any PC

## by Jakob Bindslet (jakob@bindslet.dk)

param ($targets = '.')

$hklm = 2147483650

$regPath = 'Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion'

$regValue = 'DigitalProductId'

Foreach ($target in $targets)

{

$productKey = $null

$win32os = $null

$wmi = [WMIClass]"\\$target\root\default:stdRegProv"

$data = $wmi.GetBinaryValue($hklm,$regPath,$regValue)

$binArray = ($data.uValue)[52..66]

$charsArray = 'B', 'C', 'D', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'J', 'K', 'M', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'T', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', '2', '3', '4', '6', '7', '8', '9'

## decrypt base24 encoded binary data

For ($i = 24; $i -ge 0; $i--)

{

$k = 0

For ($j = 14; $j -ge 0; $j--)

{

$k = $k * 256 -bxor $binArray[$j]

$binArray[$j] = [math]::truncate($k / 24)

$k = $k % 24

}

$productKey = $charsArray[$k] + $productKey

If (($i % 5 -eq 0) -and ($i -ne 0))

{

$productKey = '-' + $productKey

}

$win32os = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_OperatingSystem -ComputerName $target

$obj = New-Object -TypeName Object

$obj | Add-Member -MemberType Noteproperty -Name Computer -Value $target

$obj | Add-Member -MemberType Noteproperty -Name Caption -Value $win32os.Caption

$obj | Add-Member -MemberType Noteproperty -Name CSDVersion -Value $win32os.CSDVersion

$obj | Add-Member -MemberType Noteproperty -Name OSArch -Value $win32os.OSArchitecture

$obj | Add-Member -MemberType Noteproperty -Name BuildNumber -Value $win32os.BuildNumber

$obj | Add-Member -MemberType Noteproperty -Name RegisteredTo -Value $win32os.RegisteredUser

$obj | Add-Member -MemberType Noteproperty -Name ProductID -Value $win32os.SerialNumber

$obj | Add-Member -MemberType Noteproperty -Name ProductKey -Value $productKey

$obj

}

Perfmon

如何使用PowerShell取得5秒前（10次）的目前（平均）“％處理器時間”？
(Get-Counter '\Processor(_total)\% Processor Time' -SampleInterval 5 -MaxSamples 10).CounterSamples.CookedValue

Assemblies

如何使用PowerShell加載組件？

Add-Type -AssemblyName 'System.Windows.Forms'

Add-Type -Path 'C:\Windows\Microsoft.Net\assembly\GAC_MSIL\System.Windows.Forms\v4.0_4.0.0.0__b77a5c561934e089\System.Windows.Forms.dll'

# Deprecated
[System.Reflection.Assembly]::LoadFrom('C:\Windows\Microsoft.Net\assembly\GAC_MSIL\System.Windows.Forms\v4.0_4.0.0.0__b77a5c561934e089\System.Windows.Forms.dll')

Add-Type -AssemblyName 'System.Windows.Forms'

Add-Type -Path 'C:\Windows\Microsoft.Net\assembly\GAC_MSIL\System.Windows.Forms\v4.0_4.0.0.0__b77a5c561934e089\System.Windows.Forms.dll'

# Deprecated

[System.Reflection.Assembly]::LoadFrom('C:\Windows\Microsoft.Net\assembly\GAC_MSIL\System.Windows.Forms\v4.0_4.0.0.0__b77a5c561934e089\System.Windows.Forms.dll')

如何使用PowerShell加載.NET程序集？

# Check All
[System.AppDomain]::CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies() 

# Check specific one
[System.AppDomain]::CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies() | Where-Object -FilterScript { $_.FullName -like '*forms*' }

# Check All

[System.AppDomain]::CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies()

# Check specific one

[System.AppDomain]::CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies() | Where-Object -FilterScript { $_.FullName -like '*forms*' }

如何使用PowerShell尋找GAC（全域組件快取）的路徑？

(New-Object -TypeName Regex -ArgumentList '(?<=file:///)(.*)(?=\/GAC)', 'IgnoreCase').Match(([PSObject].Assembly.Evidence | Where-Object -FilterScript { $_.Value -ne $null }).Value).Value -replace '/', '\'

1	(New-Object -TypeName Regex -ArgumentList '(?<=file:///)(.*)(?=\/GAC)', 'IgnoreCase').Match(([PSObject].Assembly.Evidence \| Where-Object -FilterScript { $_.Value -ne $null }).Value).Value -replace '/', '\'

Clipboard

如何使用PowerShell複製結果到剪貼簿？

Get-Process | clip.exe

1	Get-Process \| clip.exe

如何使用PowerShell取得剪貼簿中的內容？
Add-Type -AssemblyName PresentationCore
[Windows.Clipboard]::GetText()

Hotfixes

如何使用PowerShell取得已安裝的修復程序？
Get-HotFix -ComputerName $computer

如何使用PowerShell在特定日期前/後安裝修復程序？
Get-HotFix | Where-Object -FilterScript { $_.InstalledOn -lt ([DateTime]'01/01/2015') } # Before 01/01/2015
Get-HotFix | Where-Object -FilterScript {$_.InstalledOn -gt ([DateTime]'01/01/2015')} # After 01/01/2015

如何使用PowerShell檢查修復程序是否已安裝？
Get-HotFix -Id KB2965142

如何使用PowerShell在遠程電腦上安裝修補程序？
Get-HotFix -ComputerName $computer

Pagefile

如何使用PowerShell取得Pagefile的資料？
Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_PageFileusage | Select-Object -Property Name, CurrentUsage, AllocatedBaseSize, PeakUsage, InstallDate

如何使用PowerShell取得Pagefile的大小推薦（MB）？
[Math]::Truncate(((Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_ComputerSystem).TotalPhysicalMemory) / 1MB) * 1.5

如何使用PowerShell在驅動器（D:)建立一個Pagefile（4096 MB）？

Set-WmiInstance -Class Win32_PageFileSetting -Arguments @{
    Name        = 'D:\pagefile.sys'
    InitialSize = 4096
    MaximumSize = 4096
}

Set-WmiInstance -Class Win32_PageFileSetting -Arguments @{

Name = 'D:\pagefile.sys'

InitialSize = 4096

MaximumSize = 4096

}

如何使用PowerShell刪除驅動器（C:)的Pagefile？

$privileges = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_computersystem -EnableAllPrivileges
$privileges.AutomaticManagedPagefile = $false
$privileges.Put()
$pagefile = Get-WmiObject -Query "select * from Win32_PageFileSetting where name='c:\\pagefile.sys'"
$pagefile.Delete() # Reboot required

$privileges = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_computersystem -EnableAllPrivileges

$privileges.AutomaticManagedPagefile = $false

$privileges.Put()

$pagefile = Get-WmiObject -Query "select * from Win32_PageFileSetting where name='c:\\pagefile.sys'"

$pagefile.Delete() # Reboot required

Maintenance

如何使用PowerShell檢查驅動器的分段？

$drive = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_Volume -Filter "DriveLetter = 'c:'" $defragReport = $drive.DefragAnalysis() $defragReport.DefragAnalysis

1	$drive = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_Volume -Filter "DriveLetter = 'c:'" $defragReport = $drive.DefragAnalysis() $defragReport.DefragAnalysis

如何使用PowerShell檢查驅動器的磁盤空間？

Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_logicaldisk | Format-Table -Property @{
    Name       = 'Drive'
    Expression = {$_.DeviceID}
}, @{
    Name       = 'Total size (GB)'
    Expression = {[decimal]('{0:N0}' -f($_.Size/1gb))}
}, @{
    Name       = 'Free space(GB)'
    Expression = {[decimal]('{0:N0}'-f($_.Freespace/1gb))}
}, @{
    Name       = 'Free (%)'
    Expression = {'{0,6:P0}' -f(($_.Freespace/1gb) / ($_.size/1gb))}
} -AutoSize

Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_logicaldisk | Format-Table -Property @{

Name = 'Drive'

Expression = {$_.DeviceID}

}, @{

Name = 'Total size (GB)'

Expression = {[decimal]('{0:N0}' -f($_.Size/1gb))}

}, @{

Name = 'Free space(GB)'

Expression = {[decimal]('{0:N0}'-f($_.Freespace/1gb))}

}, @{

Name = 'Free (%)'

Expression = {'{0,6:P0}' -f(($_.Freespace/1gb) / ($_.size/1gb))}

} -AutoSize

Files

如何使用PowerShell開啟文件？
Invoke-Item -Path 'C:\scripts\file.txt'
.'C:\scripts\file.txt'

如何使用PowerShell閱讀文件？
Get-Content -Path 'C:\scripts\file.txt'
gc "C:\scripts\file.txt" # Alias

如何使用PowerShell輸出文件？

'Line1', 'Line2', 'Line3' | Out-File -FilePath 'C:\scripts\file.txt' -Encoding ascii
'Line1', 'Line2', 'Line3' | Add-Content -Path file.txt
'Line1', 'Line2', 'Line3' > file.txt

'Line1', 'Line2', 'Line3' | Out-File -FilePath 'C:\scripts\file.txt' -Encoding ascii

'Line1', 'Line2', 'Line3' | Add-Content -Path file.txt

'Line1', 'Line2', 'Line3' > file.txt

如何使用PowerShell取得當前腳本的全名？
$MyInvocation.MyCommand.Path

如何使用PowerShell壓縮文件？

### COMPRESS ONE FILE ###

# Powershell v5
Compress-Archive -Path $fileSource -DestinationPath $fileDestination
 
### COMPRESS ONE FOLDER ###
 
# Compress the folder 'R:\temp\zip\FolderToCompress' and created the file compressedFile.zip
Add-Type -AssemblyName 'System.IO.Compression.Filesystem'
[System.IO.Compression.ZipFile]::CreateFromDirectory($folderSource,$fileDestination)
 
# Powershell v5
Compress-Archive -Path $folderSource -DestinationPath $fileDestination

### COMPRESS ONE FILE ###

# Powershell v5

Compress-Archive -Path $fileSource -DestinationPath $fileDestination

### COMPRESS ONE FOLDER ###

# Compress the folder 'R:\temp\zip\FolderToCompress' and created the file compressedFile.zip

Add-Type -AssemblyName 'System.IO.Compression.Filesystem'

[System.IO.Compression.ZipFile]::CreateFromDirectory($folderSource,$fileDestination)

# Powershell v5

Compress-Archive -Path $folderSource -DestinationPath $fileDestination

如何使用PowerShell解壓文件？

### UNCOMPRESS ONE FILE ###

# Powershell v5
Expand-Archive -Path $fileSource -DestinationPath $folderDestination
 
### UNCOMPRESS ONE FOLDER ###
 
# Compress the folder 'R:\temp\zip\FolderToCompress' and created the file compressedFile.zip
Add-Type -AssemblyName 'System.IO.Compression.Filesystem'
[System.IO.Compression.ZipFile]::ExtractToDirectory($fileSource, $folderDestination)

### UNCOMPRESS ONE FILE ###

# Powershell v5

Expand-Archive -Path $fileSource -DestinationPath $folderDestination

### UNCOMPRESS ONE FOLDER ###

# Compress the folder 'R:\temp\zip\FolderToCompress' and created the file compressedFile.zip

Add-Type -AssemblyName 'System.IO.Compression.Filesystem'

[System.IO.Compression.ZipFile]::ExtractToDirectory($fileSource, $folderDestination)

如何使用PowerShell查看ZIP存檔中的文件？
Add-Type -AssemblyName 'System.IO.Compression.Filesystem'
[System.IO.Compression.ZipFile]::OpenRead($fileZIP)

如何使用PowerShell顯示文件的大小（KB）？
(Get-ChildItem -Path .\winsrv.dll).Length /1KB
(Get-ChildItem -Path .\winsrv.dll).Length /1MB
(Get-ChildItem -Path .\winsrv.dll).Length /1GB

如何使用PowerShell尋找大或小於1GB的文件？

# Larger than 1 GB
Get-ChildItem -Path C:\ -Recurse -ErrorVariable $errorsSearch | Where-Object -FilterScript {$_.Length -gt 1GB}

# Less than 1 GB
Get-ChildItem -Path C:\ -Recurse -ErrorVariable $errorsSearch | Where-Object -FilterScript {$_.Length -lt 1GB}

# Larger than 1 GB

Get-ChildItem -Path C:\ -Recurse -ErrorVariable $errorsSearch | Where-Object -FilterScript {$_.Length -gt 1GB}

# Less than 1 GB

Get-ChildItem -Path C:\ -Recurse -ErrorVariable $errorsSearch | Where-Object -FilterScript {$_.Length -lt 1GB}

如何使用PowerShell顯示不帶擴展名的的文件名稱？
[System.IO.Path]::GetFileNameWithoutExtension('C:\Windows\system32\calc.exe') # Return calc

如何使用PowerShell顯示文件的擴展名稱？
[System.IO.Path]::GetExtension('C:\scripts\file.txt') # Return .txt

如何使用PowerShell取得文件的文件版本？

(Get-Item -Path C:\Windows\System32\calc.exe).VersionInfo.FileVersion
[System.Diagnostics.FileVersionInfo]::GetVersionInfo('C:\Windows\system32\calc.exe').FileVersion

1 2	(Get-Item -Path C:\Windows\System32\calc.exe).VersionInfo.FileVersion [System.Diagnostics.FileVersionInfo]::GetVersionInfo('C:\Windows\system32\calc.exe').FileVersion

如何使用PowerShell取得文件的 “hash”？
(Get-FileHash $file).Hash

如何使用PowerShell取得文件的MD5 / SHA1校驗值？
Get-FileHash $file -Algorithm MD5
Get-FileHash $file -Algorithm SHA1

如何使用PowerShell顯示已隱藏的文件？

# Display only hidden files
Get-ChildItem -Hidden -File

# Display all files (including hidden files)
Get-ChildItem -Force -File

# Display only hidden files

Get-ChildItem -Hidden -File

# Display all files (including hidden files)

Get-ChildItem -Force -File

如何使用PowerShell檢查文件是否有擴展？

[System.IO.Path]::HasExtension('C:\hiberfil.sys')

1	[System.IO.Path]::HasExtension('C:\hiberfil.sys')

如何使用PowerShell設置文件為“唯讀”？
Set-ItemProperty -Path .\file.txt -Name IsReadOnly -Value $true

如何使用PowerShell更改文件的“LastWriteTime”(最後寫入時間)屬性為上週？
Set-ItemProperty -Path .\file.txt -Name LastWriteTime -Value ((Get-Date).AddDays(-7))
If not working, use Nirsoft tool: BulkFileChanger.

如何使用PowerShell建立一個新的文件？
New-Item -ItemType File -Path 'C:\scripts\file.txt' -Value 'FirstLine'

如何使用PowerShell重新命名文件？
Rename-Item -Path 'C:\scripts\file.txt' -NewName 'C:\scripts\powershellguru2.txt'

如何使用PowerShell大量/成批的重新命名多個文件？
Get-ChildItem -Path C:\scripts\txt | Rename-Item -NewName { $_.Name -replace ' ', '_' }

如何使用PowerShell刪除文件？
Remove-Item -Path 'C:\scripts\file.txt'

如何使用PowerShell顯示文件的最新10行？
Get-Content -Path 'C:\scripts\log.txt' -Tail 10

如何使用PowerShell解除文件夾的數個文件？
Get-ChildItem -Path 'C:\scripts\Modules' | Unblock-File

如何使用PowerShell刪除文件中空行？
(Get-Content -Path file.txt) | Where-Object -FilterScript {$_.Trim() -ne '' } | Set-Content -Path file.txt

如何使用PowerShell檢查文件是否存在？

Test-Path -Path 'C:\Windows\notepad.exe' # Return True

1	Test-Path -Path 'C:\Windows\notepad.exe' # Return True

如何使用PowerShell取得文件夾中最新/最舊建立的文件？

Get-ChildItem | Sort-Object -Property CreationTime | Select-Object -Last 1 # Newest
Get-ChildItem | Sort-Object -Property CreationTime | Select-Object -First 1 # Oldest

1 2	Get-ChildItem \| Sort-Object -Property CreationTime \| Select-Object -Last 1 # Newest Get-ChildItem \| Sort-Object -Property CreationTime \| Select-Object -First 1 # Oldest

如何使用PowerShell刪除文件中重複的行數？

Get-Content -Path .\file.txt | Select-Object -Unique # Display
Get-Content -Path .\file.txt | Select-Object -Unique | Set-Content -Path .\testing.txt # Save

1 2	Get-Content -Path .\file.txt \| Select-Object -Unique # Display Get-Content -Path .\file.txt \| Select-Object -Unique \| Set-Content -Path .\testing.txt # Save

如何使用PowerShell取得文件夾中建立多或少於1個月的文件？

$1MonthAgo = (Get-Date).AddMonths(-1)
Get-ChildItem | ?{$_.LastWriteTime -lt $1MonthAgo} | Select-Object LastWriteTime,Name,DirectoryName # More
Get-ChildItem | ?{$_.LastWriteTime -gt $1MonthAgo} | Select-Object LastWriteTime,Name,DirectoryName # Less

$1MonthAgo = (Get-Date).AddMonths(-1)

Get-ChildItem | ?{$_.LastWriteTime -lt $1MonthAgo} | Select-Object LastWriteTime,Name,DirectoryName # More

Get-ChildItem | ?{$_.LastWriteTime -gt $1MonthAgo} | Select-Object LastWriteTime,Name,DirectoryName # Less

如何使用PowerShell取得文件夾中建立多或少於1個年的文件？

$1YearAgo = (Get-Date).AddYears(-1)
Get-ChildItem | ?{$_.LastWriteTime -lt $1YearAgo} | Select-Object LastWriteTime,Name,DirectoryName # More
Get-ChildItem | ?{$_.LastWriteTime -gt $1YearAgo} | Select-Object LastWriteTime,Name,DirectoryName # Less

$1YearAgo = (Get-Date).AddYears(-1)

Get-ChildItem | ?{$_.LastWriteTime -lt $1YearAgo} | Select-Object LastWriteTime,Name,DirectoryName # More

Get-ChildItem | ?{$_.LastWriteTime -gt $1YearAgo} | Select-Object LastWriteTime,Name,DirectoryName # Less

如何使用PowerShell將變數值輸出？
Set-Content -Path file.txt -Value $variable

如何使用PowerShell計算文件夾中的文件（*.txt）的數量？？

[System.IO.Directory]::GetFiles('C:\scripts', '*.txt').Count
(Get-ChildItem -Path 'C:\scripts' -Filter *.txt).Count
(Get-ChildItem -Path 'C:\scripts' -Filter *.txt -Recurse).Count # Recursive

[System.IO.Directory]::GetFiles('C:\scripts', '*.txt').Count

(Get-ChildItem -Path 'C:\scripts' -Filter *.txt).Count

(Get-ChildItem -Path 'C:\scripts' -Filter *.txt -Recurse).Count # Recursive

如何使用PowerShell在多個文件中搜索字符串？
Select-String -Path 'C:\*.txt' -Pattern 'Test'

如何使用PowerShell顯示文件第一/最後一行？

'Line1', 'Line2', 'Line3' | Out-File -FilePath file.txt

# First Line
Get-Content -Path .\file.txt | Select-Object -First 1 # Returns Line1
(Get-Content -Path .\file.txt)[0] # Returns Line1

# Last Line
Get-Content -Path .\file.txt | Select-Object -Last 1 # Returns Line3
(Get-Content -Path .\file.txt)[-1] # Returns Line3

'Line1', 'Line2', 'Line3' | Out-File -FilePath file.txt

# First Line

Get-Content -Path .\file.txt | Select-Object -First 1 # Returns Line1

(Get-Content -Path .\file.txt)[0] # Returns Line1

# Last Line

Get-Content -Path .\file.txt | Select-Object -Last 1 # Returns Line3

(Get-Content -Path .\file.txt)[-1] # Returns Line3

如何使用PowerShell顯示文件的特定行號？

'Line1', 'Line2', 'Line3' | Out-File -FilePath file.txt
Get-Content -Path .\file.txt | Select-Object -Index 0 # Returns Line1
Get-Content -Path .\file.txt | Select-Object -Index 2 # Returns Line3

'Line1', 'Line2', 'Line3' | Out-File -FilePath file.txt

Get-Content -Path .\file.txt | Select-Object -Index 0 # Returns Line1

Get-Content -Path .\file.txt | Select-Object -Index 2 # Returns Line3

如何使用PowerShell計數文件的行數？

'Line1', 'Line2', 'Line3' | Out-File -FilePath file.txt
(Get-Content -Path .\file.txt | Measure-Object -Line).Lines # Returns 3

1 2	'Line1', 'Line2', 'Line3' \| Out-File -FilePath file.txt (Get-Content -Path .\file.txt \| Measure-Object -Line).Lines # Returns 3

如何使用PowerShell計數文件的字符和字數？

'Test', 'Powershell', 'Test Powershell' | Out-File -FilePath file.txt

# Words (Return 4)
(Get-Content -Path .\file.txt | Measure-Object -Word).Words

# Characters (Return 23)
(Get-Content -Path .\file.txt | Measure-Object -Character).Characters

# Characters and ignore whitespaces (Return 22)
(Get-Content -Path .\file.txt | Measure-Object -Character -IgnoreWhiteSpace).Characters

'Test', 'Powershell', 'Test Powershell' | Out-File -FilePath file.txt

# Words (Return 4)

(Get-Content -Path .\file.txt | Measure-Object -Word).Words

# Characters (Return 23)

(Get-Content -Path .\file.txt | Measure-Object -Character).Characters

# Characters and ignore whitespaces (Return 22)

(Get-Content -Path .\file.txt | Measure-Object -Character -IgnoreWhiteSpace).Characters

如何使用PowerShell下載文件？
Invoke-WebRequest -Uri 'http://www.nirsoft.net/utils/searchmyfiles.zip' -OutFile 'C:\tools\searchmyfiles.zip'

如何使用PowerShell顯示文件的完整路徑？
Resolve-Path -Path .\script.ps1 # Return C:\Scripts\script.ps1

Copy

如何使用PowerShell複製一個文件到文件夾？
Copy-Item -Path 'C:\source\file.txt' -Destination 'C:\destination'

如何使用PowerShell複製一個文件到到多個文件夾？

$destination = 'C:\destination\Folder1', 'C:\destination\Folder2'
$destination | Copy-Item -Path 'C:\source\file.txt' -Recurse -Destination {$_}

1 2	$destination = 'C:\destination\Folder1', 'C:\destination\Folder2' $destination \| Copy-Item -Path 'C:\source\file.txt' -Recurse -Destination {$_}

如何使用PowerShell複製多個文件到一個文件夾？
Get-ChildItem -Path 'C:\source' -Filter *.txt | Copy-Item -Destination 'C:\destination'

Active Directory

Domain & Forest

Computers

Groups

Organizational Unit (OU)

Users

Domain & Forest

如何使用PowerShell在活動目錄(Active Directory)尋找通用類別目錄 (Global Catalog servers)？
[System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Forest]::GetCurrentForest().GlobalCatalogs

如何使用PowerShell尋找活動目錄(Active Directory)的網站？
[System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Forest]::GetCurrentForest().Sites

如何使用PowerShell尋找當前的網域控制站？

(Get-ADDomainController).HostName

# Solution 1
$env:LOGONSERVER

# Solution 2
[System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable('logonserver')

# Solution 3
nltest.exe /dsgetdc:domain.com

(Get-ADDomainController).HostName

# Solution 1

$env:LOGONSERVER

# Solution 2

[System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable('logonserver')

# Solution 3

nltest.exe /dsgetdc:domain.com

如何使用PowerShell尋找所有的網域控制站？

# Solution 1
(Get-ADDomainController -Filter *).Name

# Solution 2
(Get-ADGroupMember 'Domain Controllers').Name

# Solution 3
((Get-ADComputer -LDAPFilter '(&(objectCategory=computer)(userAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=8192))')).Name

# Solution 4
([System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Domain]::GetCurrentDomain()).DomainControllers.Name

# Solution 1

(Get-ADDomainController -Filter *).Name

# Solution 2

(Get-ADGroupMember 'Domain Controllers').Name

# Solution 3

((Get-ADComputer -LDAPFilter '(&(objectCategory=computer)(userAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=8192))')).Name

# Solution 4

([System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Domain]::GetCurrentDomain()).DomainControllers.Name

如何使用PowerShell尋找AD複製故障？
Get-ADReplicationFailure dc02.domain.com # Windows 8 and 2012

如何使用PowerShell尋找活動目錄(Active Directory)的樹系之下墓碑時間？

(Get-ADObject -Identity "cn=Directory Service,cn=Windows NT,cn=Services,$(([adsi]('LDAP://RootDSE')).configurationNamingContext)" -Properties tombstonelifetime).tombstonelifetime

1	(Get-ADObject -Identity "cn=Directory Service,cn=Windows NT,cn=Services,$(([adsi]('LDAP://RootDSE')).configurationNamingContext)" -Properties tombstonelifetime).tombstonelifetime

如何使用PowerShell取得活動目錄(Active Directory)林/域中的詳細信息？

Get-ADDomain domain.com
Get-ADForest domain.com

1 2	Get-ADDomain domain.com Get-ADForest domain.com

如何使用PowerShell取得活動目錄(Active Directory)“已刪除項目”垃圾桶的路徑？
(Get-ADDomain).DeletedObjectsContainer

如何使用PowerShell啟用活動目錄(Active Directory)中的AD回收站功能？

Enable-ADOptionalFeature -Identity 'CN=Recycle Bin Feature,CN=Optional Features,CN=Directory Service,CN=Windows NT,CN=Services,CN=Configuration,DC=domain,DC=com' -Scope ForestOrConfigurationSet -Target 'domain.com'

1	Enable-ADOptionalFeature -Identity 'CN=Recycle Bin Feature,CN=Optional Features,CN=Directory Service,CN=Windows NT,CN=Services,CN=Configuration,DC=domain,DC=com' -Scope ForestOrConfigurationSet -Target 'domain.com'

如何使用PowerShell恢復活動目錄(Active Directory)回收站的AD帳戶？
Get-ADObject -Filter 'samaccountname -eq "powershellguru"' -IncludeDeletedObjects | Restore-ADObject

如何使用PowerShell尋找FSMO？

# Solution 1
Get-ADForest | Format-List -Property SchemaMaster, DomainNamingMaster
Get-ADDomain | Format-List -Property PDCEmulator, RIDMaster, InfrastructureMaster

# Solution 2
netdom query fsmo

# Solution 3
[System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Forest]::GetCurrentForest().SchemaRoleOwner
[System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Forest]::GetCurrentForest().NamingRoleOwner
[System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Domain]::GetCurrentDomain().InfrastructureRoleOwner
[System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Domain]::GetCurrentDomain().PdcRoleOwner
[System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Domain]::GetCurrentDomain().RidRoleOwner

# Solution 1

Get-ADForest | Format-List -Property SchemaMaster, DomainNamingMaster

Get-ADDomain | Format-List -Property PDCEmulator, RIDMaster, InfrastructureMaster

# Solution 2

netdom query fsmo

# Solution 3

[System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Forest]::GetCurrentForest().SchemaRoleOwner

[System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Forest]::GetCurrentForest().NamingRoleOwner

[System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Domain]::GetCurrentDomain().InfrastructureRoleOwner

[System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Domain]::GetCurrentDomain().PdcRoleOwner

[System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Domain]::GetCurrentDomain().RidRoleOwner

如何使用PowerShell連接到一個特定的網域控制站？
Get-ADUser -Identity $user -Server 'serverDC01'

如何使用PowerShell取得當前的登錄服務器？

($env:LOGONSERVER).Substring(2)
([System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable('logonserver')).Substring(2)

1 2	($env:LOGONSERVER).Substring(2) ([System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable('logonserver')).Substring(2)

如何使用PowerShell在電腦上進行“gpupdate”？
Invoke-GPUpdate -Computer $computer -Force -RandomDelayInMinutes 0 # Windows 2012

Groups

如何使用PowerShell建立活動目錄(Active Directory)的新群組？

New-ADGroup -Name 'Powershell Guru' -SamAccountName powershellguru -GroupCategory Security -GroupScope Global -DisplayName 'Powershell Guru' -Path 'OU=MyOU,DC=domain,DC=com' -Description 'My account'

1	New-ADGroup -Name 'Powershell Guru' -SamAccountName powershellguru -GroupCategory Security -GroupScope Global -DisplayName 'Powershell Guru' -Path 'OU=MyOU,DC=domain,DC=com' -Description 'My account'

如何使用PowerShell刪除活動目錄(Active Directory)群組？
Remove-ADGroup -Identity 'PowershellGuru'

如何使用PowerShell新增用戶到活動目錄(Active Directory)群組？
Add-ADGroupMember "Powershell Guru" -Members powershellguru

如何使用PowerShell刪除活動目錄(Active Directory)群組的用戶？
Remove-ADGroupMember 'Powershell Guru' -Members powershellguru

如何使用PowerShell尋找活動目錄(Active Directory)空群組（沒任何成員）？
Get-ADGroup -Filter * -Properties Members | Where-Object -FilterScript {-not $_.Members}

如何使用PowerShell計算活動目錄(Active Directory)空群組（沒任何成員）的數目？
(Get-ADGroup -Filter * -Properties Members | Where-Object -FilterScript {-not $_.Members}).Count

如何使用PowerShell取得活動目錄(Active Directory)群組的成員？

# Solution 1
(Get-ADGroupMember 'Powershell Guru').DistinguishedName
(Get-ADGroupMember 'Powershell Guru').Samaccountname

# Solution 2
Get-ADGroup 'Powershell Guru' -Properties Members | Select-Object -Property Members -ExpandProperty Members | Sort-Object

# Solution 3
function Get-ADGroupMemberFast
{
    [CmdletBinding()]

    Param
    (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [string]$GroupName
    )

    $de = New-Object -TypeName System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry
    $ds = New-Object -TypeName System.DirectoryServices.DirectorySearcher
    $ds.SearchRoot = $de
    $ds.Filter = "(cn=$group)"
    $null = $ds.PropertiesToLoad.Add('member')
    $result = $ds.FindOne()

    if($result)
    {
        $account = $result.GetDirectoryEntry()
        $account.Properties['member'] | ForEach-Object -Process {$_}
    }
}

Get-ADGroupMemberFast -GroupName 'Powershell Guru'

# Solution 1

(Get-ADGroupMember 'Powershell Guru').DistinguishedName

(Get-ADGroupMember 'Powershell Guru').Samaccountname

# Solution 2

Get-ADGroup 'Powershell Guru' -Properties Members | Select-Object -Property Members -ExpandProperty Members | Sort-Object

# Solution 3

function Get-ADGroupMemberFast

{

[CmdletBinding()]

Param

(

[Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]

[string]$GroupName

)

$de = New-Object -TypeName System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry

$ds = New-Object -TypeName System.DirectoryServices.DirectorySearcher

$ds.SearchRoot = $de

$ds.Filter = "(cn=$group)"

$null = $ds.PropertiesToLoad.Add('member')

$result = $ds.FindOne()

if($result)

{

$account = $result.GetDirectoryEntry()

$account.Properties['member'] | ForEach-Object -Process {$_}

}

Get-ADGroupMemberFast -GroupName 'Powershell Guru'

如何使用PowerShell取得活動目錄(Active Directory)群組遞歸成員？

(Get-ADGroupMember 'Powershell Guru' -Recursive).DistinguishedName
(Get-ADGroupMember 'Powershell Guru' -Recursive).Samaccountname

1 2	(Get-ADGroupMember 'Powershell Guru' -Recursive).DistinguishedName (Get-ADGroupMember 'Powershell Guru' -Recursive).Samaccountname

如何使用PowerShell計算活動目錄(Active Directory)群組的成員有/沒有遞歸成員？

(Get-ADGroupMember 'Powershell Guru' | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Samaccountname).Count
(Get-ADGroupMember 'Powershell Guru' -Recursive | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Samaccountname).Count

1 2	(Get-ADGroupMember 'Powershell Guru' \| Select-Object -ExpandProperty Samaccountname).Count (Get-ADGroupMember 'Powershell Guru' -Recursive \| Select-Object -ExpandProperty Samaccountname).Count

Users

如何使用PowerShell在活動目錄(Active Directory)使用“GET-ADUser”過濾通配？

# Filter
(Get-ADUser -SearchBase 'OU=myOU,DC=domain,DC=com' -Filter {name -like '*vip*'} -Properties Name).Name

# LDAPFilter
(Get-ADUser -SearchBase 'OU=myOU,DC=domain,DC=com' -LDAPFilter '(name=*vip*)' -Properties Name).Name

# With a variable
$user = '*vip*'
(Get-ADUser -SearchBase 'OU=myOU,DC=domain,DC=com' -Filter {name -like $user} -Properties Name).Name

# Filter

(Get-ADUser -SearchBase 'OU=myOU,DC=domain,DC=com' -Filter {name -like '*vip*'} -Properties Name).Name

# LDAPFilter

(Get-ADUser -SearchBase 'OU=myOU,DC=domain,DC=com' -LDAPFilter '(name=*vip*)' -Properties Name).Name

# With a variable

$user = '*vip*'

(Get-ADUser -SearchBase 'OU=myOU,DC=domain,DC=com' -Filter {name -like $user} -Properties Name).Name

如何使用PowerShell在活動目錄(Active Directory)中將用戶轉移到另一個OU？
Move-ADObject -Identity $dn -TargetPath 'OU=myOU,DC=domain,DC=com'

如何使用PowerShell尋找所有（Nested嵌套）的成員的用戶？
Get-ADGroup -LDAPFilter "(member:1.2.840.113556.1.4.1941:=$($dn))"

如何使用PowerShell為用戶取得會員的（簡稱/截斷）？
(Get-ADUser -Identity $user -Properties MemberOf).MemberOf | ForEach-Object -Process {($_ -split ',')[0].Substring(3)} | Sort-Object

如何使用PowerShell為活動目錄(Active Directory)中的用戶賬號重新命名名稱（全名），（顯示名稱），指定人名（名字）和姓（姓氏）？

Set-ADUser $samAccountName -DisplayName 'DisplayName' -GivenName 'Test' -Surname 'Powershell' -DisplayName 'Test Powershell'
Rename-ADObject $dn -NewName 'Test Powershell' #FullName

1 2	Set-ADUser $samAccountName -DisplayName 'DisplayName' -GivenName 'Test' -Surname 'Powershell' -DisplayName 'Test Powershell' Rename-ADObject $dn -NewName 'Test Powershell' #FullName

如何使用PowerShell為活動目錄(Active Directory)中的用戶賬號更改描述，辦公室，以及電話號碼？
Set-ADUser $samAccountName -Description 'IT Consultant' -Office 'Building B' -OfficePhone '12345'

如何使用PowerShell為活動目錄(Active Directory)中的用戶賬號設置失效日期“31/12/2015”或“從不”？

# 31/12/2015
Set-ADAccountExpiration $samAccountName -DateTime '01/01/2016'

# Never
Clear-ADAccountExpiration $samAccountName

# 31/12/2015

Set-ADAccountExpiration $samAccountName -DateTime '01/01/2016'

# Never

Clear-ADAccountExpiration $samAccountName

如何使用PowerShell為活動目錄(Active Directory)中的用戶賬號解除鎖定？
Unlock-ADAccount $samAccountName

如何使用PowerShell啟用/禁用活動目錄(Active Directory)的用戶帳戶？

Disable-ADAccount $samAccountName
Enable-ADAccount $samAccountName

1 2	Disable-ADAccount $samAccountName Enable-ADAccount $samAccountName

如何使用PowerShell刪除活動目錄(Active Directory)的用戶帳戶？
Remove-ADUser $samAccountName

如何使用PowerShell重置活動目錄(Active Directory)的用戶帳戶密碼？

# Solution 1 : ask password
$password = Read-Host -Prompt 'New Password' -AsSecureString

# Solution 2 : specify password
$password = ConvertTo-SecureString -String 'Q>9xYMw<3?' -AsPlainText -Force

Get-ADUser -Filter "samaccountname -like 'helpdeskagent*'" | Set-ADAccountPassword -NewPassword $newpwd -Reset -PassThru | Set-ADuser -ChangePasswordAtLogon $true

# Solution 1 : ask password

$password = Read-Host -Prompt 'New Password' -AsSecureString

# Solution 2 : specify password

$password = ConvertTo-SecureString -String 'Q>9xYMw<3?' -AsPlainText -Force

Get-ADUser -Filter "samaccountname -like 'helpdeskagent*'" | Set-ADAccountPassword -NewPassword $newpwd -Reset -PassThru | Set-ADuser -ChangePasswordAtLogon $true

如何使用PowerShell重置活動目錄(Active Directory)多個用戶帳戶（散裝）的密碼？

# Solution 1 : ask password
$password = Read-Host -Prompt 'New Password' -AsSecureString

# Solution 2 : specify password
$password = ConvertTo-SecureString -String 'Q>9xYMw<3?' -AsPlainText -Force

Get-ADUser -Filter "samaccountname -like 'helpdeskagent*'" | Set-ADAccountPassword -NewPassword $newpwd -Reset -PassThru | Set-ADuser -ChangePasswordAtLogon $true

# Solution 1 : ask password

$password = Read-Host -Prompt 'New Password' -AsSecureString

# Solution 2 : specify password

$password = ConvertTo-SecureString -String 'Q>9xYMw<3?' -AsPlainText -Force

Get-ADUser -Filter "samaccountname -like 'helpdeskagent*'" | Set-ADAccountPassword -NewPassword $newpwd -Reset -PassThru | Set-ADuser -ChangePasswordAtLogon $true

如何使用PowerShell尋找活動目錄(Active Directory)中的文件主人？

$user = New-Object -TypeName System.Security.Principal.NTAccount -ArgumentList (Get-Acl -Path 'userFile.txt').Owner
$sid = $user.Translate([System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]).Value
Get-ADUser $sid

$user = New-Object -TypeName System.Security.Principal.NTAccount -ArgumentList (Get-Acl -Path 'userFile.txt').Owner

$sid = $user.Translate([System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]).Value

Get-ADUser $sid

如何使用PowerShell尋找活動目錄(Active Directory)的用戶 OU（組織單位）？
[regex]::match("$((Get-ADUser -Identity $user -Properties DistinguishedName).DistinguishedName)",'(?=OU=)(.*\n?)').value

如何使用PowerShell尋找活動目錄(Active Directory)禁用的用戶帳戶？

Search-ADAccount -AccountDisabled
Get-ADUser -Filter {Enabled -ne $true}

1 2	Search-ADAccount -AccountDisabled Get-ADUser -Filter {Enabled -ne $true}

如何使用PowerShell尋找活動目錄(Active Directory)過期的用戶帳戶？
Search-ADAccount -AccountExpired

如何使用PowerShell尋找活動目錄(Active Directory)鎖定的用戶帳戶？
Search-ADAccount -LockedOut

如何使用PowerShell尋找活動目錄(Active Directory)SID的用戶帳戶？
(Get-ADUser -Identity $user -Properties SID).SID.Value

如何使用PowerShell在活動目錄(Active Directory)將使用者名稱轉換為SID？

$user = New-Object -TypeName System.Security.Principal.NTAccount -ArgumentList ('DOMAIN', 'user')
$SID = ($user.Translate([System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier])).Value

1 2	$user = New-Object -TypeName System.Security.Principal.NTAccount -ArgumentList ('DOMAIN', 'user') $SID = ($user.Translate([System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier])).Value

如何使用PowerShell在活動目錄(Active Directory)將用SID轉換為使用者名稱？

$SID = New-Object -TypeName System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier -ArgumentList ('SID')
$user = ($SID.Translate( [System.Security.Principal.NTAccount])).Value

1 2	$SID = New-Object -TypeName System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier -ArgumentList ('SID') $user = ($SID.Translate( [System.Security.Principal.NTAccount])).Value

如何使用PowerShell在活動目錄(Active Directory)分割用戶帳戶的專有名稱？

$dn = 'CN=Powershell Test,OU=TEST,DC=domain,DC=com'
$dn.Split(',')[0] # Returns "CN=Powershell Test"
$dn.Split(',')[0].Split('=')[1] # Returns "Powershell Test"

$dn = 'CN=Powershell Test,OU=TEST,DC=domain,DC=com'

$dn.Split(',')[0] # Returns "CN=Powershell Test"

$dn.Split(',')[0].Split('=')[1] # Returns "Powershell Test"

如何使用PowerShell在活動目錄(Active Directory)尋找用戶帳戶的建立/修改日期？
Get-ADUser -Identity $user -Properties whenChanged, whenCreated | Format-List -Property whenChanged, whenCreated

如何使用PowerShell在活動目錄(Active Directory) 顯示“用戶”種類的可選性和強制性的特性？

$schema = [DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.ActiveDirectorySchema]::GetCurrentSchema()
$schema.FindClass('user').mandatoryproperties | Format-Table
$schema.FindClass('user').optionalproperties | Format-Table

$schema = [DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.ActiveDirectorySchema]::GetCurrentSchema()

$schema.FindClass('user').mandatoryproperties | Format-Table

$schema.FindClass('user').optionalproperties | Format-Table

如何使用PowerShell在活動目錄(Active Directory) 取得LDAP路徑？

$searcher = New-Object -TypeName DirectoryServices.DirectorySearcher -ArgumentList ([ADSI]'')
$searcher.Filter = "(&(objectClass=user)(sAMAccountName= $user))"
$searcher = $searcher.FindOne()
$pathLDAP = $searcher.Path

$searcher = New-Object -TypeName DirectoryServices.DirectorySearcher -ArgumentList ([ADSI]'')

$searcher.Filter = "(&(objectClass=user)(sAMAccountName= $user))"

$searcher = $searcher.FindOne()

$pathLDAP = $searcher.Path

如何使用PowerShell在活動目錄(Active Directory) 改變用戶的CN（正準名稱）？
Rename-ADObject $((Get-ADUser -Identity $user -Properties DistinguishedName).DistinguishedName) -NewName 'Test Powershell'

如何使用PowerShell在活動目錄(Active Directory) 取得用戶組織單位（OU）的父層？

$dn = (Get-ADUser -Identity $user -Properties DistinguishedName).DistinguishedName
$parent = $dn.Split(',',2)[1]

1 2	$dn = (Get-ADUser -Identity $user -Properties DistinguishedName).DistinguishedName $parent = $dn.Split(',',2)[1]

如何使用PowerShell在活動目錄(Active Directory)取得用戶建立人（帳戶建立人）？

$dn = (Get-ADUser -Identity $user -Properties DistinguishedName).DistinguishedName
$owner = (Get-Acl -Path "AD:$dn").Owner

1 2	$dn = (Get-ADUser -Identity $user -Properties DistinguishedName).DistinguishedName $owner = (Get-Acl -Path "AD:$dn").Owner

如何使用PowerShell在活動目錄(Active Directory)轉換用戶的pwdLastSet屬性？

# Solution 1
[DateTime]::FromFileTime((Get-ADUser -Identity $user -Properties pwdLastSet).pwdLastSet)

# Solution 2
w32tm /ntte 130787549514737594

# Solution 1

[DateTime]::FromFileTime((Get-ADUser -Identity $user -Properties pwdLastSet).pwdLastSet)

# Solution 2

w32tm /ntte 130787549514737594

Computers

如何使用PowerShell測試本地電腦和域名之間的安全通道？
Test-ComputerSecureChannel

如何使用PowerShell修復本地電腦和域名之間的安全通道？
Test-ComputerSecureChannel -Repair

如何使用PowerShell在活動目錄(Active Directory)禁用電腦帳戶？
Disable-ADAccount $computer

如何使用PowerShell在活動目錄(Active Directory)尋找特定操作系統的電腦？

Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "CentOS"'
Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "GNU/Linux"'
Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Linux"'
Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Mac OS X"'
Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "OnTap"'
Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server"'
Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "redhat-linux-gnu"'
Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Samba"'
Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Ubuntu"'
Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Windows NT"'
Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Windows 2000 Professional"'
Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Windows 2000 Server"'
Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Windows XP Professional"'
Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Windows Server 2003"'
Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Windows Vista™ Business"'
Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Windows Vista™ Enterprise"'
Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Windows Vista™ Entreprise"'
Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Windows 7 Enterprise"'
Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Windows 7 Professional"'
Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Windows 7 Ultimate"'
Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise"'
Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard"'
Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Windows Server® 2008 Enterprise"'
Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Windows 8 Enterprise"'
Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Windows 8.1 Enterprise"'
Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Windows Server 2012 R2 Standard"'
Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Windows Server 2012 Standard"'

Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "CentOS"'

Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "GNU/Linux"'

Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Linux"'

Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Mac OS X"'

Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "OnTap"'

Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server"'

Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "redhat-linux-gnu"'

Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Samba"'

Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Ubuntu"'

Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Windows NT"'

Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Windows 2000 Professional"'

Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Windows 2000 Server"'

Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Windows XP Professional"'

Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Windows Server 2003"'

Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Windows Vista™ Business"'

Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Windows Vista™ Enterprise"'

Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Windows Vista™ Entreprise"'

Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Windows 7 Enterprise"'

Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Windows 7 Professional"'

Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Windows 7 Ultimate"'

Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise"'

Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard"'

Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Windows Server® 2008 Enterprise"'

Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Windows 8 Enterprise"'

Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Windows 8.1 Enterprise"'

Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Windows Server 2012 R2 Standard"'

Get-ADComputer -Filter 'OperatingSystem -eq "Windows Server 2012 Standard"'

Organizational Unit (OU)

如何使用PowerShell在活動目錄(Active Directory)建立一個組織單位（OU）？
New-ADOrganizationalUnit -Name 'TEST' -Path 'DC=domain,DC=com'

如何使用PowerShell在活動目錄(Active Directory)取得組織單位（OU）的詳細信息？
Get-ADOrganizationalUnit 'OU=TEST,DC=domain,DC=com' -Properties *

如何使用PowerShell在活動目錄(Active Directory)更改組織單位（OU）的描述？
Set-ADOrganizationalUnit 'OU=TEST,DC=domain,DC=com' -Description 'My description'

如何使用PowerShell啟用/禁用活動目錄(Active Directory)組織單位（OU）的意外刪除？

# Protection ON
Set-ADOrganizationalUnit 'OU=TEST,DC=domain,DC=com' -ProtectedFromAccidentalDeletion $true

# Protection OFF
Set-ADOrganizationalUnit 'OU=TEST,DC=domain,DC=com' -ProtectedFromAccidentalDeletion $false

# Protection ON

Set-ADOrganizationalUnit 'OU=TEST,DC=domain,DC=com' -ProtectedFromAccidentalDeletion $true

# Protection OFF

Set-ADOrganizationalUnit 'OU=TEST,DC=domain,DC=com' -ProtectedFromAccidentalDeletion $false

如何使用PowerShell啟用活動目錄(Active Directory)所有組織單位（OU)的意外刪除？

Get-ADOrganizationalUnit -Filter * -Property ProtectedFromAccidentalDeletion | Where-Object -FilterScript { $_.ProtectedFromAccidentalDeletion -eq $false } | Set-ADOrganizationalUnit -ProtectedFromAccidentalDeletion $true

1	Get-ADOrganizationalUnit -Filter * -Property ProtectedFromAccidentalDeletion \| Where-Object -FilterScript { $_.ProtectedFromAccidentalDeletion -eq $false } \| Set-ADOrganizationalUnit -ProtectedFromAccidentalDeletion $true

如何使用PowerShell刪除在活動目錄(Active Directory)意外保護的組織單位（OU）？

Set-ADOrganizationalUnit 'OU=TEST,DC=domain,DC=com' -ProtectedFromAccidentalDeletion $false
Remove-ADOrganizationalUnit 'OU=TEST,DC=domain,DC=com'

1 2	Set-ADOrganizationalUnit 'OU=TEST,DC=domain,DC=com' -ProtectedFromAccidentalDeletion $false Remove-ADOrganizationalUnit 'OU=TEST,DC=domain,DC=com'

如何使用PowerShell在活動目錄(Active Directory)轉換組織單位（OU）的專有名稱至正準名稱？

$parent = $dn.Split(',',2)[1]
$parent = (Get-ADOrganizationalUnit $parent -Properties CanonicalName).CanonicalName

1 2	$parent = $dn.Split(',',2)[1] $parent = (Get-ADOrganizationalUnit $parent -Properties CanonicalName).CanonicalName

如何使用PowerShell列出空的組織單位（OU）名單？

# Solution 1
Get-ADOrganizationalUnit -Filter * -Property 'msDS-Approx-Immed-Subordinates' | Where-Object -FilterScript {$_.'msDS-Approx-Immed-Subordinates' -eq 0}

# Solution 2
([adsisearcher]'(objectclass=organizationalunit)').FindAll() | Where-Object -FilterScript { (([adsi]$_.Path).PSbase.Children | Measure-Object).Count -eq 0 }

# Solution 1

Get-ADOrganizationalUnit -Filter * -Property 'msDS-Approx-Immed-Subordinates' | Where-Object -FilterScript {$_.'msDS-Approx-Immed-Subordinates' -eq 0}

# Solution 2

([adsisearcher]'(objectclass=organizationalunit)').FindAll() | Where-Object -FilterScript { (([adsi]$_.Path).PSbase.Children | Measure-Object).Count -eq 0 }

如何使用PowerShell取得群組管理者？
(Get-ADGroup $dn -Properties Managedby).Managedby

Regex (Regular Expression)

如何使用PowerShell取得正則表達式的IP地址V4（80.80.228.8）？
$example = 'The IP address is 80.80.228.8'
$ip = [regex]::match($example,'\b\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\b').value

如何使用PowerShell提取正則表達式的 MAC地址(C0-D9-62-39-61-2D)與分隔符 “-”？
$example = 'The MAC address is C0-D9-62-39-61-2D'
$mac = [regex]::match($example,'([0-9A-F]{2}[-]){5}([0-9A-F]{2})').value

如何使用PowerShell提取正則表達式的 MAC地址(C0:D9:62:39:61:2D)與分隔符 “:”？
$example = 'The MAC address is C0:D9:62:39:61:2D'
$mac = [regex]::match($example,'((\d|([a-f]|[A-F])){2}:){5}(\d|([a-f]|[A-F])){2}').value

如何使用PowerShell提取正則表達式的日期 (10/02/2015)？
$example = 'The date is 10/02/2015'
$date = [regex]::match($example,'(\d{2}\/\d{2}\/\d{4})').value

如何使用PowerShell提取正則表達式的URL（www.powershell-guru.com)？
$example = 'The URL is www.powershell-guru.com'
$url = [regex]::match($example,'[a-z]+[:.].*?(?=\s)').value

如何使用PowerShell提取正則表達式的電子郵件（user@domain.com）？
$example = 'The email is user@domain.com'
$email = [regex]::match($example,'(?i)\b[A-Z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Z0-9.-]+\.[A-Z]{2,4}\b').value

如何使用PowerShell提取正則表達式的字符串例如“guru”？
$example = 'www.powershell-guru.com'
[regex]::match($example,'(?<=-)(.*\n?)(?=.com)').value

如何使用PowerShell提取正則表達式的字符串例如“guru.com”？
$example = 'www.powershell-guru.com'
[regex]::match($example,'(?<=-)(.*\n?)(?<=.)').value

如何使用PowerShell提取正則表達式的字符串例如“powershell-guru.com”？
$example = 'www.powershell-guru.com'
[regex]::match($example,'(?<=www.)(.*\n?)').value

如何使用PowerShell提取正則表達式的字符串例如“123”？
$example = 'Powershell123'
[regex]::match($example,'(\d+)').value

如何使用PowerShell提取正則表達式的字符串例如“$”（貨幣符號）？
$example = 'Powershell`$123'
[regex]::match($example,'(\$)').value

如何使用PowerShell更換正則表達式字符串的一個字符（*.com）至另一個字符（*.fr）？
$example = 'www.powershell-guru.com'
[regex]::Replace($example, '.com','.fr')

如何使用PowerShell逃脫正則表達式的一個字符串？
[regex]::Escape('\\server\share')

Memory

如何使用PowerShell透過垃圾回收作強制記憶的收藏？
[System.GC]::Collect()
[System.GC]::WaitForPendingFinalizers()

如何使用PowerShell取得電腦RAM的大小？

# Solution 1
Get-CimInstance -ClassName 'cim_physicalmemory' | ForEach-Object -Process {$_.Capacity /1GB}

# Solution 2
(Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_ComputerSystem).TotalPhysicalMemory /1GB

# Solution 3
(systeminfo.exe | Select-String -Pattern 'Total Physical Memory:').ToString().Split(':')[1].Trim()

# Solution 1

Get-CimInstance -ClassName 'cim_physicalmemory' | ForEach-Object -Process {$_.Capacity /1GB}

# Solution 2

(Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_ComputerSystem).TotalPhysicalMemory /1GB

# Solution 3

(systeminfo.exe | Select-String -Pattern 'Total Physical Memory:').ToString().Split(':')[1].Trim()

Date

如何使用PowerShell取得當前日期？
Get-Date
[Datetime]::Now

如何使用PowerShell顯示日期的不同格式？

### DATETIME ###

Get-Date -Format D             : Tuesday, June 30, 2015                                                                                                                                                                 
Get-Date -Format f             : Tuesday, June 30, 2015 3:22 PM                                                                                                                                                            
Get-Date -Format F             : Tuesday, June 30, 2015 3:22:58 PM                                                                                                                                                          
Get-Date -Format g             : 6/30/2015 3:23 PM                                                                                                                                                               
Get-Date -Format G             : 6/30/2015 3:23:30 PM

Get-Date -DisplayHint Date     : Tuesday, June 30, 2015
Get-Date -DisplayHint DateTime : Tuesday, June 30, 2015 3:31:21 PM

### DATE ###

Get-Date -Format d             : 6/30/2015                                                                                                                                                                     
Get-Date -Format yyyyMMdd      : 20150630

Get-Date -UFormat '%d%m%Y'     : 30062015
Get-Date -UFormat '%m%d%Y'     : 06302015
Get-Date -UFormat '%Y%m%d'     : 20150630

Get-Date -UFormat '%d.%m.%Y'   : 30.06.2015
Get-Date -UFormat '%m.%d.%Y'   : 06.30.2015
Get-Date -UFormat '%Y.%m.%d'   : 2015.06.30

Get-Date -UFormat '%d-%m-%Y'   : 30-06-2015
Get-Date -UFormat '%m-%d-%Y'   : 06-30-2015
Get-Date -UFormat '%Y-%m-%d'   : 2015-06-30

Get-Date -UFormat '%d/%m/%Y'   : 30/06/2015
Get-Date -UFormat '%m/%d/%Y'   : 06/30/2015
Get-Date -UFormat '%Y/%m/%d'   : 2015/06/30

### HOUR ###
Get-Date -Format t             : 3:23 PM                                                                                                                                                                          
Get-Date -Format T             : 3:23:30 PM 
Get-Date -Format HH            : 15 (Hour)
Get-Date -Format mm            : 28 (Minute)
Get-Date -Format ss            : 30 (Seconds)
Get-Date -DisplayHint Time     : 3:23:30 PM

### DAY ###
Get-Date -Format dddd          : Tuesday
Get-Date -Format ddd           : Tue
Get-Date -Format dd            : 30

### MONTH ###
Get-Date -Format MMMM          : June
Get-Date -Format MMM           : Jun
Get-Date -Format MM            : 06

### YEAR ###
Get-Date -Format yyyy          : 2015

### DATETIME ###

Get-Date -Format D : Tuesday, June 30, 2015

Get-Date -Format f : Tuesday, June 30, 2015 3:22 PM

Get-Date -Format F : Tuesday, June 30, 2015 3:22:58 PM

Get-Date -Format g : 6/30/2015 3:23 PM

Get-Date -Format G : 6/30/2015 3:23:30 PM

Get-Date -DisplayHint Date : Tuesday, June 30, 2015

Get-Date -DisplayHint DateTime : Tuesday, June 30, 2015 3:31:21 PM

### DATE ###

Get-Date -Format d : 6/30/2015

Get-Date -Format yyyyMMdd : 20150630

Get-Date -UFormat '%d%m%Y' : 30062015

Get-Date -UFormat '%m%d%Y' : 06302015

Get-Date -UFormat '%Y%m%d' : 20150630

Get-Date -UFormat '%d.%m.%Y' : 30.06.2015

Get-Date -UFormat '%m.%d.%Y' : 06.30.2015

Get-Date -UFormat '%Y.%m.%d' : 2015.06.30

Get-Date -UFormat '%d-%m-%Y' : 30-06-2015

Get-Date -UFormat '%m-%d-%Y' : 06-30-2015

Get-Date -UFormat '%Y-%m-%d' : 2015-06-30

Get-Date -UFormat '%d/%m/%Y' : 30/06/2015

Get-Date -UFormat '%m/%d/%Y' : 06/30/2015

Get-Date -UFormat '%Y/%m/%d' : 2015/06/30

### HOUR ###

Get-Date -Format t : 3:23 PM

Get-Date -Format T : 3:23:30 PM

Get-Date -Format HH : 15 (Hour)

Get-Date -Format mm : 28 (Minute)

Get-Date -Format ss : 30 (Seconds)

Get-Date -DisplayHint Time : 3:23:30 PM

### DAY ###

Get-Date -Format dddd : Tuesday

Get-Date -Format ddd : Tue

Get-Date -Format dd : 30

### MONTH ###

Get-Date -Format MMMM : June

Get-Date -Format MMM : Jun

Get-Date -Format MM : 06

### YEAR ###

Get-Date -Format yyyy : 2015

如何使用PowerShell轉換日期（日期時間）至日期（字符串）？

# Solution 1
$datetimeToString = '{0:MM/dd/yy}' -f (Get-Date '07/15/2015')

# Solution 2
$datetimeToString = (Get-Date '07/15/2015').ToShortDateString()

# Check

$datetimeToString
07/15/15

$datetimeToString.GetType().Name
String

# Solution 1

$datetimeToString = '{0:MM/dd/yy}' -f (Get-Date '07/15/2015')

# Solution 2

$datetimeToString = (Get-Date '07/15/2015').ToShortDateString()

# Check

$datetimeToString

07/15/15

$datetimeToString.GetType().Name

String

如何使用PowerShell轉換日期（字符串）至日期（日期時間）？

# Solution 1
$stringToDatetime = '07/15/2015' | Get-Date
$stringToDatetime = '07-15-2015' | Get-Date

# Solution 2
[Datetime]::ParseExact('07/15/2015', 'MM/dd/yyyy', $null)

# Solution 3
$stringToDatetime = [Datetime]'7/15/2015'

# Check

$stringToDatetime
Wednesday, July 15, 2015 12:00:00 AM

$stringToDatetime.GetType().Name
Datetime

# Solution 1

$stringToDatetime = '07/15/2015' | Get-Date

$stringToDatetime = '07-15-2015' | Get-Date

# Solution 2

[Datetime]::ParseExact('07/15/2015', 'MM/dd/yyyy', $null)

# Solution 3

$stringToDatetime = [Datetime]'7/15/2015'

# Check

$stringToDatetime

Wednesday, July 15, 2015 12:00:00 AM

$stringToDatetime.GetType().Name

Datetime

如何使用PowerShell計算兩個日期的差異（天數，小時，分鐘或秒）？
(New-TimeSpan -Start $dateStart -End $dateEnd).Days
(New-TimeSpan -Start $dateStart -End $dateEnd).Hours
(New-TimeSpan -Start $dateStart -End $dateEnd).Minutes
(New-TimeSpan -Start $dateStart -End $dateEnd).Seconds

如何使用PowerShell比較兩個日期？
(Get-Date 2015-01-01) -lt (Get-Date 2015-01-30) # True
(Get-Date 2015-01-01) -gt (Get-Date 2015-01-30) # False

如何使用PowerShell排序數組的日期為“Datetime”？
$arrayDate | Sort-Object -Property {$_ -as [Datetime]}

如何使用PowerShell啟動和停止計時秒器？
$chrono = [Diagnostics.Stopwatch]::StartNew()
$chrono.Stop()
$chrono

如何使用PowerShell取得本周的當前日期？
(Get-Date).DayOfWeek #Sunday

如何使用PowerShell取得昨日的日期？
(Get-Date).AddDays(-1)

如何使用PowerShell取得某月份（2015年2月）的天數？
[DateTime]::DaysInMonth(2015, 2)

如何使用PowerShell知道是否閏年？
[DateTime]::IsLeapYear(2015)

如何使用PowerShell列出時區？
[System.TimeZoneInfo]::GetSystemTimeZones()

Networking

如何使用PowerShell將URL編碼（以ASCII格式）和解碼？

# Encode
$url = 'http://www.powershell-guru.com'
$encoded = [System.Web.HttpUtility]::UrlEncode($url)

# Decode
$decoded = [System.Web.HttpUtility]::UrlDecode($encoded) 

# Encoded : http%3a%2f%2fwww.powershell-guru.com
# Decoded : http://www.powershell-guru.com

# Encode

$url = 'http://www.powershell-guru.com'

$encoded = [System.Web.HttpUtility]::UrlEncode($url)

# Decode

$decoded = [System.Web.HttpUtility]::UrlDecode($encoded)

# Encoded : http%3a%2f%2fwww.powershell-guru.com

# Decoded : http://www.powershell-guru.com

什麼與PowerShell的本地網絡命令等同？

# ipconfig
Get-NetIPConfiguration
Get-NetIPAddress

# ping 
Test-NetConnection 

# tracert
Test-NetConnection -TraceRoute

# route
Get-NetRoute

# nslookup
Resolve-DnsName # Windows 8.1 & Windows 2012
([System.Net.Dns]::GetHostEntry($IP)).Hostname # IP > PC
([System.Net.Dns]::GetHostAddresses($computer)).IPAddressToString # PC > IP

# ipconfig

Get-NetIPConfiguration

Get-NetIPAddress

# ping

Test-NetConnection

# tracert

Test-NetConnection -TraceRoute

# route

Get-NetRoute

# nslookup

Resolve-DnsName # Windows 8.1 & Windows 2012

([System.Net.Dns]::GetHostEntry($IP)).Hostname # IP > PC

([System.Net.Dns]::GetHostAddresses($computer)).IPAddressToString # PC > IP

如何使用PowerShell取得IP地址？
Get-NetIPAddress # Windows 8.1 & Windows 2012
Get-NetIPConfiguration # Windows 8.1 & Windows 2012

如何使用PowerShell禁用IP地址V6（IPv6）？

New-ItemProperty -Path 'HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip6\Parameters' -Name 'DisabledComponents' -Value '0xFFFFFFFF' -PropertyType"DWORD" # Reboot required

1	New-ItemProperty -Path 'HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip6\Parameters' -Name 'DisabledComponents' -Value '0xFFFFFFFF' -PropertyType"DWORD" # Reboot required

如何使用PowerShell驗證IP地址V4（IPv4）？
if([ipaddress]'10.0.0.1'){'validated'}

如何使用PowerShell尋找外部IP地址？

# Solution 1
(Invoke-WebRequest -Uri 'myexternalip.com/raw').Content
(iwr -Uri 'myexternalip.com/raw').Content # Alias

# Solution 2
$webClient = New-Object -TypeName System.Net.WebClient
$webClient.DownloadString('http://myexternalip.com/raw')

# Solution 3
while ($true)
{
    Write-Output -InputObject "$(Get-Date) - $((Invoke-WebRequest -Uri 'http://myexternalip.com/raw' -Method Get).Content)"
    Start-Sleep -Seconds 300
}

# Solution 1

(Invoke-WebRequest -Uri 'myexternalip.com/raw').Content

(iwr -Uri 'myexternalip.com/raw').Content # Alias

# Solution 2

$webClient = New-Object -TypeName System.Net.WebClient

$webClient.DownloadString('http://myexternalip.com/raw')

# Solution 3

while ($true)

{

Write-Output -InputObject "$(Get-Date) - $((Invoke-WebRequest -Uri 'http://myexternalip.com/raw' -Method Get).Content)"

Start-Sleep -Seconds 300

}

如何使用PowerShell尋找IP地址的主機名？
([System.Net.Dns]::GetHostEntry($IP)).Hostname

如何使用PowerShell尋找主機名的IP地址？
([System.Net.Dns]::GetHostAddresses($computer)).IPAddressToString

如何使用PowerShell尋找主機名的FQDN？
[System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName($computer).HostName

如何使用PowerShell尋找網絡配置（IP，子網，網關和DNS)？

Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration | Format-Table -Property Description, IpAddress, IPSubnet, DefaultIPGateway, DNSServerSearchOrder

1	Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration \| Format-Table -Property Description, IpAddress, IPSubnet, DefaultIPGateway, DNSServerSearchOrder

如何使用PowerShell尋找MAC的地址？
Get-CimInstance win32_networkadapterconfiguration | Select-Object -Property Description, Macaddress
Get-WmiObject -Class win32_networkadapterconfiguration | Select-Object -Property Description, Macaddress

如何使用PowerShell去ping一部電腦？

# Solution 1
Test-Connection -ComputerName $computer -Quiet # Returns True / False

# Solution 2
$ping = New-Object -TypeName System.Net.Networkinformation.Ping
$ping.Send($computer)

# Solution 1

Test-Connection -ComputerName $computer -Quiet # Returns True / False

# Solution 2

$ping = New-Object -TypeName System.Net.Networkinformation.Ping

$ping.Send($computer)

如何使用PowerShell檢查一部電腦是否已連接到互聯網？

[Activator]::CreateInstance([Type]::GetTypeFromCLSID([Guid]'{DCB00C01-570F-4A9B-8D69-199FDBA5723B}')).IsConnectedToInternet

1	[Activator]::CreateInstance([Type]::GetTypeFromCLSID([Guid]'{DCB00C01-570F-4A9B-8D69-199FDBA5723B}')).IsConnectedToInternet

如何使用PowerShell執行網站的“Whois”查詢？
$whois = New-WebServiceProxy 'http://www.webservicex.net/whois.asmx?WSDL'
$whois.GetWhoIs('powershell-guru.com')

如何使用PowerShell取得的公用IP位址（地理位置）的詳細信息？

$externalIP = (Invoke-WebRequest -Uri 'myexternalip.com/raw').Content
$detailsIP = ([xml](Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "http://freegeoip.net/xml/$externalIP" -UseBasicParsing).Content).Response

1 2	$externalIP = (Invoke-WebRequest -Uri 'myexternalip.com/raw').Content $detailsIP = ([xml](Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "http://freegeoip.net/xml/$externalIP" -UseBasicParsing).Content).Response

如何使用PowerShell檢查端口是否開放/關閉？
New-Object -TypeName Net.Sockets.TcpClient -ArgumentList $computer, 135

如何使用PowerShell執行“tracert”？
Test-NetConnection www.google.com -TraceRoute

如何使用PowerShell修復家庭網絡的連接配置？
Get-NetAdapter | Format-Table -Property Name, InterfaceDescription, ifIndex -AutoSize # Windows 8.1
Set-NetConnectionProfile -InterfaceIndex 6 -NetworkCategory Private

如何使用PowerShell顯示TCP端口的連接？
netstat.exe -ano
Get-NetTCPConnection #Windows 8 and 2012

如何使用PowerShell縮短一個長的URL到一個短的URL？
$url = 'www.powershell-guru.com'
$tiny = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri "http://tinyurl.com/api-create.php?url=$url"

如何使用PowerShell取得代理伺服器的設置？
Get-ItemProperty -Path HKCU:"Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings"

DNS

如何使用PowerShell檢查本地電腦的DNS緩存？
ipconfig.exe /displaydns
Get-DnsClientCache #Windows 8 and 2012

如何使用PowerShell清除本地電腦的DNS緩存？
ipconfig.exe /flushdns
Start-Process -FilePath ipconfig -ArgumentList /flushdns -WindowStyle Hidden
Clear-DnsClientCache #Windows 8 and 2012

如何使用PowerShell清除遠程電腦的DNS緩存？
Invoke-Command -ScriptBlock {Clear-DnsClientCache} -ComputerName computer01, computer02

如何使用PowerShell閱讀主機的文件？
Get-Content -Path 'C:\Windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts'

Password

如何使用PowerShell產生一個隨機的密碼？
[Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName('System.Web')
[System.Web.Security.Membership]::GeneratePassword(30,2)

如何使用PowerShell在遠程服務器上改變本地系統管理員的密碼？
$admin = [ADSI]('WinNT://server01/administrator,user')
$admin.SetPassword($password)
$admin.SetInfo()

如何使用PowerShell尋找活動目錄(Active Directory)帳戶的密碼過期日期？

# Solution 1
[DateTime]::FromFileTime((Get-ADUser -Identity $user -Properties 'msDS-UserPasswordExpiryTimeComputed').'msDS-UserPasswordExpiryTimeComputed')

# Solution 2
Get-Date -Date ((Get-ADUser -Identity $user -Properties 'msDS-UserPasswordExpiryTimeComputed' | Select-Object -Property @{
            Name       = 'ExpiryDate'
            Expression = {[DateTime]::FromFileTime($_.'msDS-UserPasswordExpiryTimeComputed')}
}).ExpiryDate)-Format 'F'

# Solution 1

[DateTime]::FromFileTime((Get-ADUser -Identity $user -Properties 'msDS-UserPasswordExpiryTimeComputed').'msDS-UserPasswordExpiryTimeComputed')

# Solution 2

Get-Date -Date ((Get-ADUser -Identity $user -Properties 'msDS-UserPasswordExpiryTimeComputed' | Select-Object -Property @{

Name = 'ExpiryDate'

Expression = {[DateTime]::FromFileTime($_.'msDS-UserPasswordExpiryTimeComputed')}

}).ExpiryDate)-Format 'F'

Printers

如何使用PowerShell列出特定服務器的所有打印機？
Get-WmiObject -Query 'Select * From Win32_Printer' -ComputerName $computer

如何使用PowerShell列出特定服務器的所有端口？
Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_TCPIPPrinterPort -Namespace 'root\CIMV2' -ComputerName $computer

如何使用PowerShell更改打印機的註釋/位置？

$printer = Get-WmiObject -Class win32_printer -Filter "Name='HP Deskjet 2540 series'"
$printer.Location = 'Germany'
$printer.Comment = 'Printer - Test'
$printer.Put()

$printer = Get-WmiObject -Class win32_printer -Filter "Name='HP Deskjet 2540 series'"

$printer.Location = 'Germany'

$printer.Comment = 'Printer - Test'

$printer.Put()

如何使用PowerShell清除打印機（取消所有作業）？
$printer = Get-WmiObject -Class win32_printer -Filter "Name='HP Deskjet 2540 series'"
$printer.CancelAllJobs()

如何使用PowerShell打印打印機的測試頁？
$printer = Get-WmiObject -Class win32_printer -Filter "Name='HP Deskjet 2540 series'"
$printer.PrintTestPage()

如何使用PowerShell取得打印機的打印隊列？

Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_PerfFormattedData_Spooler_PrintQueue | Select-Object -Property Name, @{
    Expression = {$_.jobs}
    Label      = 'Current Jobs'
} | Format-Table -AutoSize

Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_PerfFormattedData_Spooler_PrintQueue | Select-Object -Property Name, @{

Expression = {$_.jobs}

Label = 'Current Jobs'

} | Format-Table -AutoSize

Regedit

Read

如何使用PowerShell列出註冊表配置單元？
Get-ChildItem -Path Registry::

如何使用PowerShell取得註冊表的值和值類型？

function Get-RegistryValue
{
    Param
    (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [string]$RegistryKey
    )
 
    $key = Get-Item -Path "Registry::$RegistryKey"
    $key.GetValueNames() | Sort-Object | ForEach-Object -Process {
 
        $name = $_
        $type = $key.GetValueKind($name)
 
        switch ($type) 
        { 
            'String'      {'REG_SZ'} 
            'Binary'      {'REG_BINARY'} 
            'Dword'       {'REG_DWORD'}
            'Qword'       {'REG_QWORD'}
            'MultiString' {'REG_MULTI_SZ'}
            'ExpandString'{'REG_EXPAND_SZ'}
            Default       {$null}
        }

        [PSCustomObject]@{
            Name = $name
            Type = $type
            Data = $key.GetValue($name)
        }
 
    }
}

function Get-RegistryValue

{

Param

(

[Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]

[string]$RegistryKey

)

$key = Get-Item -Path "Registry::$RegistryKey"

$key.GetValueNames() | Sort-Object | ForEach-Object -Process {

$name = $_

$type = $key.GetValueKind($name)

switch ($type)

{

'String' {'REG_SZ'}

'Binary' {'REG_BINARY'}

'Dword' {'REG_DWORD'}

'Qword' {'REG_QWORD'}

'MultiString' {'REG_MULTI_SZ'}

'ExpandString'{'REG_EXPAND_SZ'}

Default {$null}

}

[PSCustomObject]@{

Name = $name

Type = $type

Data = $key.GetValue($name)

}

如何使用PowerShell列出註冊表的項和子項？

#HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT
New-PSDrive -PSProvider Registry -Root HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT -Name HKCR
Get-ChildItem -Path 'HKCR:\'

#HKEY_CURRENT_USER
Get-ChildItem -Path 'HKCU:\Software'
Get-ChildItem -Path Registry::HKEY_CURRENT_USER

#HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE
Get-ChildItem -Path 'HKLM:\SYSTEM'
Get-ChildItem -Path Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE

#HKEY_USERS
New-PSDrive -PSProvider Registry -Root HKEY_USERS -Name HKU
Get-ChildItem -Path 'HKU:\'

#HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG
New-PSDrive -PSProvider Registry -Root HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG -Name HKCC
Get-ChildItem -Path 'HKCC:\'

#HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT

New-PSDrive -PSProvider Registry -Root HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT -Name HKCR

Get-ChildItem -Path 'HKCR:\'

#HKEY_CURRENT_USER

Get-ChildItem -Path 'HKCU:\Software'

Get-ChildItem -Path Registry::HKEY_CURRENT_USER

#HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE

Get-ChildItem -Path 'HKLM:\SYSTEM'

Get-ChildItem -Path Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE

#HKEY_USERS

New-PSDrive -PSProvider Registry -Root HKEY_USERS -Name HKU

Get-ChildItem -Path 'HKU:\'

#HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG

New-PSDrive -PSProvider Registry -Root HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG -Name HKCC

Get-ChildItem -Path 'HKCC:\'

如何使用PowerShell以遞歸方式列出註冊表的項和子項？
Get-ChildItem -Path 'HKLM:\SYSTEM' -Recurse -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

如何使用PowerShell尋找特定名稱的子項？
Get-ChildItem -Path 'HKLM:\SOFTWARE' -Include *Plugin* -Recurse -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

如何使用PowerShell只返回註冊表子項的名稱？
(Get-ChildItem -Path 'HKLM:\SYSTEM').Name # Return HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet
Get-ChildItem -Path 'HKLM:\SYSTEM' -Name # Return ControlSet

如何使用PowerShell列出的註冊表的值？
Get-ItemProperty -Path 'HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion'

如何使用PowerShell閱讀特定註冊表的值？
(Get-ItemProperty -Path 'HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion').ProductName

如何使用PowerShell讀取遠程電腦上特定註冊表的值？

$hostname = $computer
$openRegedit = [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey]::OpenRemoteBaseKey('LocalMachine', $hostname)
$openKey = $openRegedit.OpenSubKey('SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion')
$keyValue = $openKey.GetValue('ProductName')
$keyValue

$hostname = $computer

$openRegedit = [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey]::OpenRemoteBaseKey('LocalMachine', $hostname)

$openKey = $openRegedit.OpenSubKey('SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion')

$keyValue = $openKey.GetValue('ProductName')

$keyValue

Write

如何使用PowerShell建立一個新的註冊表項？
New-Item -Path 'HKCU:\Software\MyApplication'

如何使用PowerShell建立註冊表的值？
New-ItemProperty -Path 'HKCU:\Software\MyApplication' -Name 'Version' -Value '1.0'

如何使用PowerShell修改現有的註冊表值？
Set-ItemProperty -Path 'HKCU:\Software\MyApplication' -Name 'Version' -Value '2.0'

Delete

如何使用PowerShell刪除註冊表的值？
Remove-ItemProperty -Path 'HKCU:\Software\MyApplication' -Name 'Version'

如何使用PowerShell刪除註冊表項？
Remove-Item -Path 'HKCU:\Software\MyApplication' -Force

Test

如何使用PowerShell測試一個註冊表項是否存在？
Test-Path -Path 'HKCU:\Software\MyApplication'

如何使用PowerShell測試一個註冊表值是否存在？
(Get-Item -Path 'HKCU:\Software\MyApplication').GetValueNames() -contains 'Version'

Strings

如何使用PowerShell刪除字符串開始的空白字符？
$string = ' PowershellGuru'
$string = $string.TrimStart()

如何使用PowerShell刪除字符串末尾的空白字符？
$string = 'PowershellGuru '
$string = $string.TrimEnd()

如何使用PowerShell刪除字符串（開始和末尾)的空白字符？
$string = ' PowershellGuru '
$string = $string.Trim()

如何使用PowerShell將字符串轉換為大寫？
$string = 'powershellguru'
$string = $string.ToUpper()

如何使用PowerShell將字符串轉換為小寫？
$string = 'POWERSHELLGURU'
$string = $string.ToLower()

如何使用PowerShell選擇字符串“PowerShellGuru”中的子串“PowerShell”？
$string.Substring(0,10)

如何使用PowerShell選擇字符串“PowerShellGuru”中的子串 “Guru”？
$string.Substring(10)

如何使用PowerShell選擇“PowerShell123Guru”中的數字“123”？
$string = 'Powershell123Guru'
[regex]::match($string,'(\d+)').value

如何使用PowerShell取得字符串“PowerShellGuru”從零開始的索引的“Guru”？
$string.IndexOf('Guru') # 10

如何使用PowerShell檢查字符串是否為零值或空？
$string = $null
$string = ''
[string]::IsNullOrEmpty($string)

如何使用PowerShell檢查字符串是否為零值、空、或只包含空白字符？
$string = $null
$string = ''
$string = ' '
[string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($string)

如何使用PowerShell檢查字符串是否包含某個特定字母？
$string = 'PowershellGuru'
$string.Contains('s')
[regex]::match($string,'s').Success

如何使用PowerShell取得字符串的長度？
$string.Length

如何使用PowerShell串聯兩個字符串？

# Solution 1
$string1 + $string2

# Solution 2
$string1 = 'Powershell'
$string2 = 'Guru'
[string]::Concat($string1,$string2)

# Solution 1

$string1 + $string2

# Solution 2

$string1 = 'Powershell'

$string2 = 'Guru'

[string]::Concat($string1,$string2)

如何使用PowerShell匹配字符串中的一個或多個括號“[]”？
$string = '[PowershellGuru]'
$string -match '\[' # Only 1
$string -match '\[(.*)\]' # Several

如何使用PowerShell匹配字符串中的一個或多個括號“（）”？
$string = '(PowershellGuru)'
$string -match '$' # Only 1
$string -match '\((.*)$' # Several

如何使用PowerShell匹配字符串中的一個或多個括號大括號“{}”？
$string = '{PowershellGuru}'
$string -match '\{' # Only 1
$string -match '\{(.*)\}' # Several

如何使用PowerShell匹配字符串中的一個或多個括號大括號“<>”？
$string = ''
$string -match '\<' # Only 1
$string -match "\<(.*)\>" # Several

如何使用PowerShell匹配字符串的任何小寫字母（abc）？
$string = 'POWERSHELLGURU'
$string -cmatch "^[a-z]*$" #False

如何使用PowerShell匹配字符串的任何大寫字母（ABC）？
$string = 'powershellguru'
$string -cmatch "^[A-Z]*$" #False

如何使用PowerShell匹配字符串的“[p”（p小寫）？
$string = '[powershellGuru]'
$string -cmatch '\[[a-z]\w+' #True

如何使用PowerShell匹配字符串的“[P”（P大寫）？
$string = '[PowershellGuru]'
$string -cmatch '\[[A-Z]\w+' #True

如何使用PowerShell以一行取代另一行？
$a = 'Line A'
$b = 'Line B'
$a = $a -replace $a, $b

如何使用PowerShell將字符串的除法運算轉換為（百分比）？
(1/2).ToString('P')

如何使用PowerShell將包含數字的字符串進行排序？

'string-10', 'string-2', 'string-23', 'string-30' | Sort-Object -Property {$_ -replace '[\d]'}, {$_ -replace '[a-zA-Z\p{P}]'-as [int]}

1	'string-10', 'string-2', 'string-23', 'string-30' \| Sort-Object -Property {$_ -replace '[\d]'}, {$_ -replace '[a-zA-Z\p{P}]'-as [int]}

如何使用PowerShell選擇句子的最後一個字？
$sentence = 'My name is Test Powershell'
$sentence.Split(' ')[-1] # Returns Powershell

如何使用PowerShell取得一個句子最長的單詞？
$sentence = 'My name is Test Powershell'
$sentence.Split(' ') | Sort-Object -Property Length | Select-Object -Last 1 # Returns Powershell

如何使用PowerShell計算句子中某個字符串出現的次數？
$sentence = 'test test test Powershell'
[regex]::Matches($sentence, 'test').Count # Returns 3

如何使用PowerShell將字符串的每一個字符複製至字符數組？

$name = 'test'
$name.ToCharArray()
s
t
e
v
e

$name = 'test'

$name.ToCharArray()

如何使用PowerShell將字符串第一個字母轉換成大寫？

$name = 'test'
$name.Substring(0,1).ToUpper() + $name.Substring(1)

1 2	$name = 'test' $name.Substring(0,1).ToUpper() + $name.Substring(1)

如何使用PowerShell填滿字符串的(左或右）？

# With whitespaces
$padRight = 'test'.PadRight(25)
$padLeft  = 'test'.PadLeft(25)

# With characters
$padRight = 'test'.PadRight(25,'.') # Return test....................
$padLeft  = 'test'.PadLeft(25,'.')  # Return ....................test

# With whitespaces

$padRight = 'test'.PadRight(25)

$padLeft = 'test'.PadLeft(25)

# With characters

$padRight = 'test'.PadRight(25,'.') # Return test....................

$padLeft = 'test'.PadLeft(25,'.') # Return ....................test

如何使用PowerShell將字符串編碼和解碼成為Base64？

# Encode
$string = [System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetBytes('test')
$encoded = [System.Convert]::ToBase64String($string)

# Decode
$string  = [System.Convert]::FromBase64String($encoded)
$decoded = [System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetString($string)

# Encoded : c3RldmU=
# Decoded : test

# Encode

$string = [System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetBytes('test')

$encoded = [System.Convert]::ToBase64String($string)

# Decode

$string = [System.Convert]::FromBase64String($encoded)

$decoded = [System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetString($string)

# Encoded : c3RldmU=

# Decoded : test

如何使用PowerShell將數字轉換成為二進制/將二進制轉換成為數字？

# Base 10 to Base 2
[System.Convert]::ToString(255,2)

# Base 2 to Base 10
[System.Convert]::ToInt32('11111111',2)

# Base 10 to Base 2

[System.Convert]::ToString(255,2)

# Base 2 to Base 10

[System.Convert]::ToInt32('11111111',2)

如何使用PowerShell返回只有最後父層的文件夾路徑？

$path = 'C:\Folder1\Folder2\Folder3\file.txt'
Split-Path -Path (Split-Path -Path $path -Parent) -Leaf # Return Folder3

1 2	$path = 'C:\Folder1\Folder2\Folder3\file.txt' Split-Path -Path (Split-Path -Path $path -Parent) -Leaf # Return Folder3

如何使用PowerShell返回只有最後一個項目的路徑？

$path = 'C:\Folder1\Folder2\Folder3\file.txt'
Split-Path -Path $path -Leaf # Return file.txt

1 2	$path = 'C:\Folder1\Folder2\Folder3\file.txt' Split-Path -Path $path -Leaf # Return file.txt

Math

如何使用PowerShell列出System.Math class 的方法？
[System.Math] | Get-Member -Static -MemberType Method

如何使用PowerShell返回絕對值？
[Math]::Abs(-12) #Returns 12
[Math]::Abs(-12.5) # Returns 12.5

如何使用PowerShell返回指定數字的正弦角度？
[Math]::ASin(1) #Returns 1,5707963267949

如何使用PowerShell返回上限值？
[Math]::Ceiling(1.4) #Returns 2
[Math]::Ceiling(1.9) #Returns 2

如何使用PowerShell返回下限值？
[Math]::Floor(1.4) #Returns 1
[Math]::Floor(1.9) #Returns 1

如何使用PowerShell返回指定數字的自然對數（base e）？
[Math]::Log(4) #Returns 1,38629436111989

如何使用PowerShell返回指定數字的函數 (base 10)？
[Math]::Log10(4) #Returns 0,602059991327962

如何使用PowerShell返回兩個數值的最大值？
[Math]::Max(2,4) #Returns 4
[Math]::Max(-2,-4) #Returns -2

如何使用PowerShell返回兩個數值的最小值？
[Math]::Min(2,4) #Returns 2
[Math]::Max(-2,-4) #Returns -4

如何使用PowerShell返回數字的指定的指數？
[Math]::Pow(2,4) #Returns 16

如何使用PowerShell將一個小數值返回最接近的整數值？
[Math]::Round(3.111,2) #Returns 3,11
[Math]::Round(3.999,2) #Returns 4

如何使用PowerShell將一個整數值返回小數值？
[Math]::Truncate(3.111) #Returns 3
[Math]::Truncate(3.999) #Returns 3

如何使用PowerShell將指定數目返回平方根？
[Math]::Sqrt(16) #Returns 4

如何使用PowerShell返回PI常數？
[Math]::Pi #Returns 3,14159265358979

如何使用PowerShell返回自然對數底（常數e）？
[Math]::E #Returns 2,71828182845905

如何使用PowerShell檢查一個數字是否偶數或奇數？
[bool]($number%2)

Hashtables

如何使用PowerShell建立一個空的散列表(hashtable)？
$hashtable = @{}
$hashtable = New-Object -TypeName System.Collections.Hashtable

如何使用PowerShell建立散列表(hashtable)的項目？

$hashtable = @{
    'Key1' = 'Value1'
    'Key2' = 'Value2'
    'Key3' = 'Value3'
}

$hashtable = @{

'Key1' = 'Value1'

'Key2' = 'Value2'

'Key3' = 'Value3'

}

如何使用PowerShell建立一個項目以序/名稱（有序字典）排序的散列表(hashtable)的？

$hashtable = [ordered]@{
    'Key1' = 'Value1'
    'Key2' = 'Value2'
    'Key3' = 'Value3'
}

$hashtable | Get-Member # System.Collections.Specialized.OrderedDictionary

$hashtable = [ordered]@{

'Key1' = 'Value1'

'Key2' = 'Value2'

'Key3' = 'Value3'

}

$hashtable | Get-Member # System.Collections.Specialized.OrderedDictionary

如何使用PowerShell添加項目（key-value pair 鍵值對）至散列表(hashtable)？
$hashtable.Add('Key4', 'Value4')

如何使用PowerShell取得散列表(hashtable)的特定值？

# Returns only Value
$hashtable.Key1
$hashtable['Key1']
$hashtable.Item('Key1')

# Returns Key and Value
 $hashtable.GetEnumerator() | Where-Object{$_.Name -eq 'Key1'}

# Returns only Value

$hashtable.Key1

$hashtable['Key1']

$hashtable.Item('Key1')

# Returns Key and Value

$hashtable.GetEnumerator() | Where-Object{$_.Name -eq 'Key1'}

如何使用PowerShell取得散列表(hashtable)的最小值？

$hashtable = @{
    'Key1' = '1'
    'Key2' = '2'
    'Key3' = '3'
}

$hashtable.GetEnumerator() | Sort-Object -Property Value | Select-Object -First 1
$hashtable.GetEnumerator() | Sort-Object -Property Value -Descending | Select-Object -Last 1

$hashtable = @{

'Key1' = '1'

'Key2' = '2'

'Key3' = '3'

}

$hashtable.GetEnumerator() | Sort-Object -Property Value | Select-Object -First 1

$hashtable.GetEnumerator() | Sort-Object -Property Value -Descending | Select-Object -Last 1

如何使用PowerShell取得散列表(hashtable)的最大值？

$hashtable = @{
    'Key1' = '1'
    'Key2' = '2'
    'Key3' = '3'
}

$hashtable.GetEnumerator() | Sort-Object -Property Value -Descending | Select-Object -First 1
$hashtable.GetEnumerator() | Sort-Object -Property Value | Select-Object -Last 1

$hashtable = @{

'Key1' = '1'

'Key2' = '2'

'Key3' = '3'

}

$hashtable.GetEnumerator() | Sort-Object -Property Value -Descending | Select-Object -First 1

$hashtable.GetEnumerator() | Sort-Object -Property Value | Select-Object -Last 1

如何使用PowerShell修改散列表(hashtable)的項目？
$hashtable.Set_Item('Key1', 'Value1Updated')

如何使用PowerShell刪除散列表(hashtable)的項目？
$hashtable.Remove('Key1')

如何使用PowerShell清除散列表(hashtable)？
$hashtable.Clear()

如何使用PowerShell檢查散列表(hashtable)特定鍵/值的存在？
$hashtable.ContainsKey('Key3')
$hashtable.ContainsValue('Value3')

如何使用PowerShell以鍵/值在散列表(hashtable)進行排序？
$hashtable.GetEnumerator() | Sort-Object -Property Name
$hashtable.GetEnumerator() | Sort-Object -Property Value -Descending

Arrays

如何使用PowerShell建立一個空的數組？
$array = @()
$array = [System.Collections.ArrayList]@()

如何使用PowerShell建立數組的項目？
$array = @('A', 'B', 'C')
$array = 'A', 'B', 'C'
$array = 'a,b,c'.Split(',')
$array = .{$args} a b c
$array = echo a b c

如何使用PowerShell添加項目到數組？
$array += 'D'
[void]$array.Add('D')

如何使用PowerShell修改數組的項目？
$array[0] = 'Z' # 1st item[0]

如何使用PowerShell檢查數組的大小？
$array = 'A', 'B', 'C'
$array.Length # Returns 3

如何使用PowerShell檢索數組的中一個/多個/所有項目？
$array = @('A', 'B', 'C')
$array[0] # One item (A)
$array[0] + $array[2] # Several items (A,C)
$array # All items (A,B,C)

如何使用PowerShell刪除數組的空項目？
$array = @('A', 'B', 'C', '')
$array = $array.Split('',[System.StringSplitOptions]::RemoveEmptyEntries) | Sort-Object # A,B,C

如何使用PowerShell檢查某個項目是否存在數組裡？
$array = @('A', 'B', 'C')
'A' | ForEach-Object -Process {$array.Contains($_)} # Returns True
'D' | ForEach-Object -Process {$array.Contains($_)} # Returns False

如何使用PowerShell尋找數組一個項目的索引號？
$array = @('A', 'B', 'C')
[array]::IndexOf($array,'A') # Returns 0

如何使用PowerShell相反數組項目的順序？
$array = @('A', 'B', 'C')
[array]::Reverse($array) # C,B,A

如何使用PowerShell在數組中產生隨機項目？
$array | Get-Random

如何使用PowerShell按升序/降序方式排序數組？
$array = @('A', 'B', 'C')
$array | Sort-Object # A,B,C
$array | Sort-Object -Descending # C,B,A

如何使用PowerShell計算數組的項目數目？
$array.Count

如何使用PowerShell添加數組到另一個數組？
$array1 = 'A', 'B', 'C'